PENGARUH SUHU DAN KELEMBABAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Fusarium verticillioides BIO 957 DAN PRODUKSI FUMONISIN B1 (The Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Growth of Fusarium verticillioides Bio 957 and Fumonisin B1 Productions)

Abstract

was the predominant species in producing fumonisin on agricultural products. Fumonisisn B1 (FB1) is the most abundant fumonisin in nature and the most toxic than other fumonisin. The main factors affecting the growth of and production of fumonisin are temperature and humidity. This research aimed to assess the effect of changes in temperature and humidity on the growth of and FB1 production on maize and soybeans medium. Maize and soybeans that have inoculated with suspension Bio 957 were incubated at 20, 30 and 40 °C with 70, 80 and 90% of humidity for 14 days. Observations of growth made by weighing the cells mass and analysis of FB1 production performed by HPLC. The results showed that the highest growth of Bio 957 in maize and soybeans was occurred at temperature 30 °C and 90% of humidity, the cell mass weights were 904,5 and 885,5 mg per 20 g of maize and soybeans respectively. The highest concentration of FB1 in maize and soybeans were 374 and 67 pbb respectively, observed at temperature 30 °C for maize and 20 °Cfor soybeans, both at same humidity (90%). The results showed that Bio 957 was able to grow well and produced the highest concentrations of FB1 in maize and soybeans at a temperature of 20 and 30 °C with 90% ofhumidity. At a temperature of 40 °C with 70, 80 and 90% of humidity, the growth of was not observed, therefore FB1 formation was avoided.Keywords: Fumonisin B1, Bio 957, humidity, temperatureABSTRAKadalah spesies yang dominan dalam memproduksi fumonisin pada produk-produk pertanian. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) merupakan fumonisin yang paling banyak ditemukan di alam dan paling toksik dibandingkan jenis fumonisin lainnya. Faktor ekstrinsik utama yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi FB1 adalah suhu dan kelembaban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh suhu dan kelembabanterhadap pertumbuhan Bio 957 dan produksi FB1 pada media jagung dan kedelai. Jagung dan kedelai yang telah diiinokulasi dengan suspensi Bio 957 diinkubasi pada suhu 20, 30 dan 40 °C dengan kelembaban 70, 80 dan 90% selama 14 hari. Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan dengan penimbangan massa sel dan analisis konsentrasi FB1 dilakukan dengan HPLC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan Bio 957 pada jagung dan kedelai paling tinggi terjadi pada suhu 30 °C dan kelembaban 90%, berat massa selnya yaitu 904,5 dan 885,5 mg per 20 g masing-masing jagung dan kedelai. Konsentrasi FB1 paling tinggi pada jagungdan kedelai masing-masing yaitu 374 dan 67 ppb, pengamatan pada suhu 30 °C pada jagung dan 20 °C pada kedelai, keduanya pada kelembaban yang sama (90%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bio 957 mampu tumbuh dengan baik dan menghasilkan konsentrasi FB1 paling tinggi pada jagung dan kedelai pada suhu 20 dan 30 °C dengan kelembaban 90%. Pada suhu 40 °C dengan kelembaban 70, 80 dan 90%, Bio 957 tidak menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan, sehingga pembentukan FB1 dapat dihindari.Kata kunci: Fumonisin B1, Bio 957, kelembaban, suhu

The Relationship Analysis on Corn Stalk Rot and Ear Rot According to Fusarium Species and Fumonisin Contamination in Kernels

“…The production of FBs is closely related to the species of Fusarium and the environmental conditions under which it grows. The Fusarium species and ability of FBs to affect the host produced by different species varies [35,36]. From 2016 to 2018, 28 of the 49 samples were contaminated with FBs, with a contamination rate of 57.1%.…”