PENGARUH SUHU REAKSI DAN JUMLAH KATALIS PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI LIMBAH LEMAK SAPI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN CaO DARI KULIT TELUR AYAM

Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines consisting of the alkyl monoesters from vegetable oils or animal fats. Beef tallow waste is the non-edible raw material with low cost production and the availability is huge in the cattle production. The objective of the study was to utilize beef tallow waste for biodiesel production using solid oxide catalyst which derived from the industrial eggshells. The materials calcined with temperature 900oC and time 2 hours, transformed calcium species in the shells into active CaO catalysts.The oil contained high free fatty acid (FFA) content of 1.86%. The FFA content of the oil was reduced by acid-catalyzed esterification. The product from this stage was subjected to produce biodiesel. Transesterification process reacts oil and methanol to produce methyl ester and glycerol. The produced methyl ester on the upper layer was separated from the glycerol and then washed. Effect of various process variables such as amount of catalyst and temperature were investigated. The biodiesel properties like methyl ester content, density, viscosity, and flash point was evaluated and was found to compare well with Indonesian Standard (SNI). Under the best condition, the maximum yield of 82.43% beef tallow methyl ester was obtained by using 9:1 molar ratio of methanol to beef tallow oil at 55oC, for a reaction time 1.5 hours in the presence 3 wt% of CaO catalyst. The results of this work showed that the use of beef tallow is very suitable as low cost feedstock for biodiesel production.

Biodiesel Synthesis From Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO.SrO Catalyst By Transesterification Reaction In Batch Reactor

“…The transesterification reaction that is given a treatment of increasing catalyst amount showed there was a problem in the contact (collision) between molecule, because the given catalyst would precipitate and coagulate in the base of reaction gourd. This statement was proven by Wendi et al (2015) who stated that the effect of the increase of catalyst amount, the combination of catalyst and reactant had become too thick, so it cause trouble in the mixing and demanding of higher power consumption for the mixing. The problem would also affect the catalytic activity from the used catalyst decreased as the decreasing of catalyst active side function, and the adsorption process of reactant molecules in the catalyst active surface would be disturbed by the precipitation problem of the given catalyst (Arita et al, 2008).…”

CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF CALCIUM OXIDE FROM FISHBONE WASTE IN WASTE <br> COOKING OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS

“…The decrease of percentage from the products area in the use of 5% catalyst shows that there is a problem in the collision between molecules because the catalyst was deposited and thickened in three-neck flask. Wendi et al, (2015) reported that the number of catalyst make the obstruction of contact between oil and methanol resulting the decrease of biodiesel conversion on the 3% to 4% catalyst amount percentage. The decrease of biodiesel conversion was also caused by the reaction between catalyst and oil which blocked the contact between oil and methanol.…”

Studi Eksperimental Unjuk Kerja Motor Diesel Putaran Stasioner dengan Campuran Bahan Bakar Biodiesel Buah Nyamplung

“…Oleh sebab itu, penggunaan energi yang berbasis bahan bakar asal fosil perlu dikurangi dengan cara mengoptimalkan penggunaan energi yang terbarukan dan mengurangi subsidi bahan bakar minyak. Indonesia memiliki banyak sumber daya alam hayati yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku bioenergi (biodiesel) [3]. Di Indonesia minyak solar merupakan bahan bakar yang sering digunakan, namun untuk menekan tingkat penggunaan bahan bakar tersebut dengan penggantian ke biodesel [4].…”