Pengurusan Sumbangan Kepada Mangsa Banjir: Penentuan Keperluan Asas Berasaskan Indeks Syariah Malaysia

Abstract

Flood occured in the end of the year 2014 was known as the ’yellow flood’. The flood caused home and district damaged and also the community area as well. Management of flood is categorized into threee phases, namely the pre condition before flood, the condition during the flood occurs and the post condition after flood occured. However, the issues arose of inaccuracy in determining the collection and distribution of goods donated to the flood victims. It happened between the flood victims themselves and between certain party. Thus, the objectives of this study is to discuss the concept of Indeks Syariah Malaysia and its contribution management approach based on Indeks Syariah Malaysia. The study will evaluate the types of contribution needed according to necessity. A mixed method approach were taken a qualitative and a quantitative via observation, interviews and questionnaires. Furthermore, the documentation reviews using the inductive method through manuals and report management before, during and after the floods. The study found that eight types of emergency kits should be given to the flood victims during the floods which are prayer kit, food kit, health kit, clothing kit, educational kit, shelter kit and storage kit. The study also found that the contribution management of the flood victims needed a specific guideline based on Indeks Syariah Malaysia for the purpose of determining the basic needs and the types of contributions in accordance its priority. The determination of basic needs is very important for creating emergency kits that can produce a guideline to governments, NGOs and volunteers parties in helping flood victims. Further studies related to the determination of basic needs before and after the flood occured is needed to ensure that the victims obtain an assistance as needed.
 Keywords: Management, Contribution, Requirements, flood, flood victims, Malaysia Shariah Index.
 Abstrak
 Bah banjir yang berlaku pada penghujung 2014 dikenali sebagai bah kuning. Bah banjir tersebut mengakibatkan keadaan rumah, kawasan dan sekitar daerah rosak akibat kesan kedatangan banjir tersebut. Pengurusan banjir dikategorikan dengan tiga keadaan iaitu sebelum, semasa dan selepas. Isu ketidaktepatan dalam penentuan kutipan dan agihan barangan sumbangan kepada mangsa banjir sering ditimbulkan oleh mangsa banjir dan pihak-pihak tertentu. Justeru, objektif kajian ini membincangkan konsep Indeks Syariah Malaysia (ISM) dan pendekatan pengurusan sumbangan kepada mangsa banjir berasaskan ISM. Kajian ini juga akan menilai jenis- jenis sumbangan yang diperlukan oleh mangsa banjir semasa berlaku banjir di samping penentuan keperluan asas berasaskan keutamaan. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah secara kualititatif dan kuantitatif iaitu menggunakan kaedah pemerhatian dan temubual serta soal selidik termasuk juga kajian secara dokumentasi yang menggunakan kaedah induktif dengan merujuk manual dan laporan pengurusan sebelum, semasa dan selepas bencana banjir. Hasil kajian mendapati tujuh jenis kit kecemasan yang perlu diberikan kepada mangsa banjir semasa banjir iaitu kit ibadah, kit makanan, kit kesihatan, kit pakaian, kit pendidikan, kit penempatan dan kit simpanan barang berharga. Hasil kajian juga mendapati pengurusan sumbangan mangsa banjir semasa berlaku banjir memerlukan satu garis panduan yang khusus berasaskan ISM bagi tujuan penentuan keperluan asas dan jenis-jenis sumbangan mengikut keutamaan. Penentuan keperluan asas ini amat penting bagi mewujudkan kit-kit kecemasan yang boleh menjadi garis panduan kepada kerajaan, NGO-NGO dan pihak-pihak sukarelawan dalam membantu mangsa banjir. Kajian lanjutan berkaitan penentuan keperluan asas sebelum dan selepas banjir diperlukan bagi memastikan mangsa banjir mendapat bantuan sebagaimana yang diperlukan.
 Kata kunci: Pengurusan, Sumbangan, Keperluan, Banjir, Mangsa banjir, Indeks Syariah Malaysia.