Penicillins and Cephalosporins: Differences in Morphologic Effects on Proteus mirabilis

Lorian, Víctor; Sabath, L.D.

doi:10.1093/infdis/125.5.560

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In most cases it is bacilli that are affected, but filamentation has also been reported in some species of cocci [124,125,127], specifically those in the Streptococcus genus, which divide in just one plane. The length of β-lactam-induced filaments varies with duration of exposure [49], but cells up to 93 µm have been reported [128].…”

Section: Filamentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and ultrastructural changes in bacterial cells as an indicator of antibacterial mechanism of action

Cushnie

O’Driscoll

Lamb

2016

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

158

124

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Section: Filamentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and ultrastructural changes in bacterial cells as an indicator of antibacterial mechanism of action

Cushnie

O’Driscoll

Lamb

2016

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

158

124

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“…Such low concentrations, often referred to as subminimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC's), have been known to affect the morphology of bacteria since the early report on penicillin by Gardner in 1940 (10). After Gardner's work, the production of abnormal bacterial morphology by ,B-lactam compounds has been reported for a variety of gram-negative organisms (6,9,13,15,(18)(19)(20)(21) and gram-positive organisms (6,(17)(18)(19). In addition to the phenotypic changes associated with such low levels of antibiotics, changes in growth rates and diminution in the total bacterial population have also been shown in a number of instances (7, 11-13, 16, 24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous cellular morphology and growth characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis in subminimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G

Neirinck¹,

DeVoe²

1981

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G on Neisseria meningitidis in the presence and absence of selected stabilizers were examined. Subminimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G decreased cell numbers and altered both colonial and ultrastructural morphologies of this meningococcus. Although these levels of penicillin did not have immediate adverse effects on cell mass increase, deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, or the incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein, they did significantly alter the division rate and the integrity of the cell envelope. The inability of many of the abnormal membranous cell types produced in subminimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin to form either complete or properly oriented division septa and the overproduction of cell wall material at such sites was indicative of the disruptive effects of this antibiotic on functions necessary for maintaining the normal division process. The addition of the stabilizers polyvinylpyrrolidone-40 and horse serum to the test medium diminished the effects of penicillin G as evidenced by a fourfold increase in the minimal inhibitory concentration. Moreover, such stabilizers maintained the association of the outer membrane with the peptidoglycan and inner membrane.The exact mechanism(s) by which penicillin compounds exert their bactericidal effect is still not understood. The fact that ,8-lactam antibiotics can invoke a wide spectrum of morphological and physiological responses in a variety of bacteria has made this problem more complex.

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“…The influence of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin, clindamycin, and pristinamycin on the penicillinase production of Staphylococcus aureus was tested in 12 strains. Of the 36 experiments performed, 16 (44%) showed a lack of influence, 10 (28%) displayed an increase, and 10 revealed a decrease in penicillinase activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the available data concern the influence of various agents on bacterial growth (2,6,17) and the morphological changes induced by. the subMIC's of f,-lactam antibiotics (4,8,10,12). Only a few papers have dealt with the effects of the subMIC on bacterial enzymatic systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of Erythromycin, Clindamycin, and Pristinamycin on the penicillinase production of Staphlyococcus aureus

Michel¹,

Stessman²,

Stessman³

1980

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The influence of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin, clindamycin, and pristinamycin on the penicillinase production of Staphylococcus aureus was tested in 12 strains. Of the 36 experiments performed, 16 (44%) showed a lack of influence, 10 (28%) displayed an increase, and 10 revealed a decrease in penicillinase activity. The maximal effect produced was generally induced by concentrations ranging from ¼/ to 1/32 the minimal inhibitory concentration, irrespective of the susceptibility of the strain to the drug. In spite of the fact that the drugs are closely related, they sometimes produced opposite effects on the same strain.The problem of the effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations (subMIC's) of antibacterial drugs has been investigated in the last few years and was recently discussed by Lorian (9) and Rolinson (15). Most of the available data concern the influence of various agents on bacterial growth (2,6,17) and the morphological changes induced by. the subMIC's of f,-lactam antibiotics (4,8,10,12). Only a few papers have dealt with the effects of the subMIC on bacterial enzymatic systems. Inducible enzymes were shown to be affected by the subMIC's of nitrofurans (7) and chloramphenicol (18). Gemmell has reported the influence of the subMIC's of antibiotics, especially .clindamycin, on the biosynthesis of some staphylococcal toxins and enzymes during experimental pyogenic infection (5). We have shown that the subMIC of chloramphenicol can inhibit ,8-lactamase production in gram-negative bacilli (13) and in Staphylococcus aureus (14) and that this inhibition sometimes leads to a synergistic bactericidal effect in vitro (13,14) and in vivo (16). More recently, Allen and Epp have shown that erythromycin can inhibit penicillinase induction in strains of S. aureus (1). To the best of our knowledge, a comparative study on the effect ofclosely related drugs on penicillinase production has not been reported in the literature. The purpose of the present paper was, therefore, to investigate the influence of subMIC's of erythromycin, clindamycin, and pristinamycin on the penicillinase production of strains of S. aureus. MATERIALS AND METHODSTwelve strains of penicillin G-resistant S. aureus were used. These were isolated in the diagnostic laboratory of the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, from sputum, wound exudates, urine, and blood. Each was tested for ,B-lactamase production by the iodometric method, as described by Workman and Farrar (21). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of erythromycin, clindamycin, and pristinamycin for these strains were determined by using a microdilution technique. Serial twofold dilutions of the antibiotic were made in tryptic soy broth (TSB; Difco Laboratories) in sterile Microtiter U-plates (Cook Engineering Co.). A suitable dilution of a 4-h culture of the bacteria in TSB at 37°C was prepared in TSB and added to the wells of the microtiter plates to give a final inoculum of 10' colony-forming ...

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Penicillins and Cephalosporins: Differences in Morphologic Effects on Proteus mirabilis

Cited by 36 publications

References 11 publications

Morphological and ultrastructural changes in bacterial cells as an indicator of antibacterial mechanism of action

Morphological and ultrastructural changes in bacterial cells as an indicator of antibacterial mechanism of action

Anomalous cellular morphology and growth characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis in subminimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G

Effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of Erythromycin, Clindamycin, and Pristinamycin on the penicillinase production of Staphlyococcus aureus

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