Penile cancer: impact of age at diagnosis on morphology and prognosis

Paiva, Geise Rezende; Araújo, Iguaracyra; Athanazio, Daniel Abensur; Freitas, Luiz Antônio Rodrigues de

doi:10.1007/s11255-014-0875-y

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In general, 5-year overall survival in penile cancer patients is 61% [32]. However, the cancer-specific death rate does not exceed 19%, even in patients aged <40 years [33].…”

Section: Penile Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

TGF-β and microRNA Interplay in Genitourinary Cancers

Bogusławska¹,

Kryst

Poletajew

et al. 2019

Cells

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Genitourinary cancers (GCs) include a large group of different types of tumors localizing to the kidney, bladder, prostate, testis, and penis. Despite highly divergent molecular patterns, most GCs share commonly disturbed signaling pathways that involve the activity of TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta). TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates key cancer-related molecular and cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. The understanding of the mechanisms of TGF-β actions in cancer is hindered by the “TGF-β paradox” in which early stages of cancerogenic process are suppressed by TGF-β while advanced stages are stimulated by its activity. A growing body of evidence suggests that these paradoxical TGF-β actions could result from the interplay with microRNAs: Short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to target transcripts and inducing mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of TGF-β signaling in GCs. Importantly, TGF-β signaling and microRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression often act in complicated feedback circuits that involve other crucial regulators of cancer progression (e.g., androgen receptor). Furthermore, recently published in vitro and in vivo studies clearly indicate that the interplay between microRNAs and the TGF-β signaling pathway offers new potential treatment options for GC patients.

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“…In general, 5-year overall survival in penile cancer patients is 61% [32]. However, the cancer-specific death rate does not exceed 19%, even in patients aged <40 years [33].…”

Section: Penile Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

TGF-β and microRNA Interplay in Genitourinary Cancers

Bogusławska¹,

Kryst

Poletajew

et al. 2019

Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Histologic features such as lymphovascular invasion and histologic grade are important prognostic factors. Nonetheless, the presence of nodal involvement is the single most important prognostic factor for outcome . Particularly, extracapsular extension is considered a factor of poor prognosis and is staged as N3, while retroperitoneal nodal involvement indicates distant metastases …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enlarged inguinal lymph nodes can be identified in about 30–60% of the patients with penile cancer at the time of diagnosis, but only about 50% will be related to metastasis and the other half will be reactive ones due to infection . However, false‐positive is not the unique limitation of clinical staging because ∼10–25% of patients with no palpable lymph node can harbor occult metastases …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, the presence of nodal involvement is the single most important prognostic factor for outcome. [6][7][8][9][10] Particularly, extracapsular extension is considered a factor of poor prognosis and is staged as N3, while retroperitoneal nodal involvement indicates distant metastases. 10 Current clinical staging is based on physical examination and provides inaccurate information in up to 25% of patients, 9 with a higher proportion in patients with secondary infection in the tumor, when edema and inflammatory endurance may mimic neoplastic infiltration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,[12][13][14] However, false-positive is not the unique limitation of clinical staging because 10-25% of patients with no palpable lymph node can harbor occult metastases. 6,13,15 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not been frequently used to evaluate penile cancer. The first reports dated from the early 1990s, 16 but recently interest was renewed, with more studies published.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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