“…The TPS model grew from cooperative learning research, the Think Pair Share (TPS) model can also be referred to as a pair teaching and learning model designed to influence student interaction (Ningsih et al, 2019;Wuryandani & Herwin, 2021). The advantage of this learning method is that it can improve students' oral communication skills (Phan & Lan, 2021;Suaidah & Pasaribu, 2022), motivation to learn (Radjabani et al, 2021;Sumarsya & Ahmad, 2020), critical thinking (Kurjum et al, 2020;Pohan & Hasibuan, 2019), and student participation to contribute ideas (Benjelloun, 2021;Lestari et al, 2019). TPS has procedures that are explicitly defined to give students more time to think, answer, and help each other (Sutopo et al, 2020;Zulfantry et al, 2021).…”