Penis and Scrotum

Ro, Jae Y.; Divatia, Mukul K.; Kim, Kyu-Rae; Amin, Mahul B.; Ayala, Alberto G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-54941-7.00015-3

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 581 publications

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“…Comparatively, Fournier’s gangrene can often be ‘clinically silent’ at its onset, especially in an immunocompromised host [ 8 ] . Developing subcutaneously before cutaneous signs are appreciable, this contributes to the fatality of the process as it may easily be missed [ 9 ] . Here, it is important to highlight differences in the presentation of hidradenitis suppurativa and Fournier’s gangrene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concomitant occurrence of hidradenitis suppurativa and Fournier’s gangrene

Khattar,

Bou Sanayeh,

Makram

et al. 2024

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine

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Background: Fournier’s gangrene represents a life-threatening necrotising infection affecting the perineal region, while hidradenitis suppurativa is characterised by a chronic inflammatory skin condition. The simultaneous occurrence of both conditions is exceedingly rare. Case description: A 42-year-old female with a documented history of severe untreated hidradenitis suppurativa presented for shortness of breath, fever and lethargy, along with extensive wounds and skin breakdown involving the left axilla, perineum, lower back, lumbosacral region and bilateral gluteal areas, extending to the perineum. Upon presentation, the patient was in a state of septic shock, and a diagnosis of actively manifesting Fournier’s gangrene was established at the site of the pre-existing hidradenitis suppurativa lesions. Despite the implementation of an aggressive multidisciplinary approach incorporating surgical interventions, antibiotic therapy and intensive care measures, the patient’s condition deteriorated, culminating in septic shock, multi-organ failure and eventual demise. In this report, we discuss both clinical entities, their similarities and differences, and the possible mechanisms by which they may have co-occurred. Conclusion: The co-existence of hidradenitis suppurativa and Fournier’s gangrene poses unique challenges, given the rapid progression of Fournier’s gangrene within the context of hidradenitis suppurativa, potentially suggesting the latter as a predisposing factor. This case underscores the importance of vigilant screening and management of hidradenitis suppurativa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concomitant occurrence of hidradenitis suppurativa and Fournier’s gangrene

Khattar,

Bou Sanayeh,

Makram

et al. 2024

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine

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“…In rat models of PD, TGF-β1-induced fibrotic plaques extend into cavernosal tissues and mitigate peak ICP values during erectile stimulation via excessive ECM deposition and loss of smooth muscle cells in the corpus cavernosa [30]. However, this situation is markedly different in humans afflicted with PD wherein corporal fibrosis is rare and plaques are normally sequestered in the tunica albuginea [31]. Due to the relatively small size of the rat penis, corporal fibrosis in rat PD models is likely due to imprecise injection of TGF-β1 into the subtunical space which then permeates into the corpus cavernosa activating myofibroblasts and aberrant ECM formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a novel rabbit model of Peyronie’s disease

et al. 2023

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Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a debilitating pathology which is associated with penile curvature and erectile dysfunction due to the formation of fibrotic plaques in the penile tunica albuginea. In the present study, we developed a novel rabbit model of PD via subtunical injection of recombinant transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 protein and characterized erectile function and histopathological endpoints following plaque formation. Ten adult male, New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into 3 experimental groups including nonsurgical controls (NSC, N = 3) and those receiving subtunical injections of vehicle (N = 3) or TGF-β1 protein (0.5 µg/50 µl; N = 4). Following 1 month post-op, focal fibrous plaques composed of disorganized collagen type I and III bundles as well as fragmented elastin fibers at TGF-β1 injection sites were observed in contrast to control groups. Cavernosometric and cavernosographic evaluations revealed no significant differences in maximum intracorporal pressures or substantial curvature during papaverine-induced erection in either the vehicle or TGF-β1 cohorts. Immunohistochemical and histomorphometric analyses demonstrated significant increases in elastase 2B expression in TGF-β1-induced plaques as well as significant declines in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 expression relative to control levels. Our results demonstrate that PD-like fibrotic plaques can be created in the rabbit penile tunica albuginea following TGF-β1 injection.

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“…The lamina propria has a 1‐ to 3‐mm thick connective tissue layer containing vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. The corpus spongiosum consists of an 8‐ to 10‐mm thick layer of erectile tissue with vessels, smooth muscle, and nerves 3 . VM of the glans penis arises from the lamina propria and corpus spongiosum just underneath the epithelium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%