Pens and Polls in Nicaragua: An Analysis of the 1990 Preelection Surveys

Bischoping, Katherine; Schuman, Howard

doi:10.2307/2111480

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…2 Theory and research on impression management suggest that people monitor the image that they provide of themselves to the audiences they address (Baumeister 1982;Bischoping and Schuman 1992;Leary and Kowalski 1990;Schlenker 1980). 2 Theory and research on impression management suggest that people monitor the image that they provide of themselves to the audiences they address (Baumeister 1982;Bischoping and Schuman 1992;Leary and Kowalski 1990;Schlenker 1980).…”

Section: Interviewer Dress As a Form Of Non-verbal Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religiosity-of-Interviewer Effects: Assessing the Impact of Veiled Enumerators on Survey Response in Egypt

Blaydes

Gillum

2013

Politics and Religion

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While public opinion research has expanded rapidly in the Islamic world since 2001, little scholarly work has examined interviewer effects related to an enumerator's religious adherence. We find that the perceived religiosity of an interviewer impacts respondents' expressions of personal piety and adherence to Islamic cultural norms in a sample of approximately 1,200 women in Greater Cairo. Muslim women indicate that they are more religious and adherent to Islamic cultural norms when interviewed by an enumerator donning the Islamic headscarf. Conversely, members of Egypt's minority Coptic Christian community report that they are less adherent to Christianity when interviewed by a veiled enumerator. Through psychological processes of strategic self-presentation of identity and impression management, the veil may trigger Muslim respondents to express what they perceive to be socially desirable (i.e., more devout) responses; in contemporary Egypt, being perceived as pious may elicit social and economic benefits. Christians appear to deemphasize their religious identity to avoid appearing at odds with the dominant, Muslim majority to which the enumerator appears to belong. Younger, poorer and less educated womenwho may be most susceptible to concerns about social desirabilityshow the largest effects.

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Section: Interviewer Dress As a Form Of Non-verbal Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religiosity-of-Interviewer Effects: Assessing the Impact of Veiled Enumerators on Survey Response in Egypt

Blaydes

Gillum

2013

Politics and Religion

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“…Anything that gives respondents reason to fear retaliation for displaying an unpopular thought or preference can distort the results obtained. Katherine Bischoping and Howard Schuman (1992) showed that even the pen used by a face-toface interviewer can influence poll results. Other studies show that on questions concerning controversial racial matters, the race of an interviewer can affect answers (Davis, 1997).…”

Section: Mode Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding Discrimination Research: Beyond Ethnicity and to the Web^*

Kuran

McCaffery

2004

Social Science Quarterly

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Objective. This article aims to expand research about perceptions of discrimination both substantively and methodologically beyond the domains of race and ethnicity, relying partly on web-based surveys. Methods. We conducted parallel surveys over the telephone and the World-Wide Web, using standard random-digit dial (RDD) techniques for the former, and a large volunteer panel for the latter. Results. Both modes, phone and web, revealed that respondents consider discrimination based on physical appearance and economic status to be more prevalent than discrimination based on ethnicity. Respondents also reported that they themselves have been victimized more by physical appearance and economic-status discrimination than by ethnic discrimination. Significant differences emerged between the phone and web respondent pools, even after controlling for such independent variables as age, race, education level, and gender. Conclusions. People perceive discrimination across many aspects of social life, and appear more willing to reveal knowledge about controversial social phenomena on the web than on the phone.

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“…Moreover, those blacks who identified their interviewer as white adopted more conciliatory attitudes. In their pen experiment,Bischoping and Schuman (1992) show that the divergent polling results prior to the Nicaraguan election of 1991 was due to the respondents' perceived partisanship of the polling organization. They conclude that this was an artifact of the polarized political situation in Nicaragua but exactly how that field affected the responses remained unclear.4 Here we are appealing to a methodological situationism(Knorr-Cetina 1981;Cicourel 1964) to replace a methodological individualism.…”

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confidence: 97%

The Extended Case Method

Burawoy

1998

Sociological Theory

1,722

672

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In this article I elaborate and codify the extended case method, which deploys participant observation to locate everyday life in its extralocal and historical context. The extended case method emulates a reflexive model of science that takes as its premise the intersubjectivity of scientist and subject of study. Reflexive science valorizes intervention, process, structuration, and theory reconstruction. It is the Siamese twin of positive science that proscribes reactivity, but upholds reliability, replicability, and representativeness. Positive science, exemplified by survey research, works on the principle of the separation between scientists and the subjects they examine. Positive science is limited by "context effects" (interview, respondent, field, and situational effects) while reflexive science is limited by "power effects" (domination, silencing, objectification, and normalization). The article concludes by considering the implications of having two models of science rather than one, both of which are necessarily flawed. Throughout I use a study of postcolonialism to illustrate both the virtues and the shortcomings of the extended case method. Methodology can only bring us reflective understanding of the means which have demonstrated their value in practice by raising them to the level of explicit consciousness; it is no more the precondition of fruitful intellectual work than the knowledge of anatomy is the precondition of "correct" walking. Max Weber-The Methodology of the Social SciencesTrue, anatomical knowledge is not usually a precondition for "correct" walking. But when the ground beneath our feet is always shaking, we need a crutch. As social scientists we are thrown off balance by our presence in the world we study, by absorption in the society we observe, by dwelling alongside those we make "other." Beyond individual involvement is the broader ethnographic predicament-producing theories, concepts, and facts that destabilize the world we seek to comprehend. So, we desperately need methodology to keep us erect, while we navigate a terrain that moves and shifts even as we attempt to traverse it.

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Pens and Polls in Nicaragua: An Analysis of the 1990 Preelection Surveys

Cited by 36 publications

References 3 publications

Religiosity-of-Interviewer Effects: Assessing the Impact of Veiled Enumerators on Survey Response in Egypt

Religiosity-of-Interviewer Effects: Assessing the Impact of Veiled Enumerators on Survey Response in Egypt

Expanding Discrimination Research: Beyond Ethnicity and to the Web^*

The Extended Case Method

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Pens and Polls in Nicaragua: An Analysis of the 1990 Preelection Surveys

Cited by 36 publications

References 3 publications

Religiosity-of-Interviewer Effects: Assessing the Impact of Veiled Enumerators on Survey Response in Egypt

Religiosity-of-Interviewer Effects: Assessing the Impact of Veiled Enumerators on Survey Response in Egypt

Expanding Discrimination Research: Beyond Ethnicity and to the Web*

The Extended Case Method

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Expanding Discrimination Research: Beyond Ethnicity and to the Web^*