The water-soluble part of the methanolic extract from the aerial parts of Scrophularia crypthophila, through chromatographic methods, yielded three new resin glycosides, crypthophilic acids A-C (1-3). Compounds 1-3 are tetraglycosides of (+)-3S,12S-dihydroxypalmitic acid. The structures of these and 10 known compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means. All natural resin glycosides known so far have been obtained from Convolvulaceae plants; this is the first report of such glycosides from another, taxonomically unrelated family (Scrophulariaceae).In the flora of Turkey, the genus Scrophularia is represented by 59 species, 23 of which are endemic. 1 Some Scrophularia species, especially S. nodosa, are used in folk medicine as a diuretic and for the treatment of wounds and hemorrhoids. Previous studies performed on Scrophularia species resulted in the isolation of iridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides and triterpene saponins. 2-8 Here, we report the isolation and structural elucidation of three new resin glycosides, 1-3, and 10 known compounds. Resin glycosides 1-3 are being reported for the first time from a family (Scrophulariaceae) other than Convolvulaceae.
Results and DiscussionChromatographic studies performed on the above-ground parts of Scrophularia cryptophila Boiss. & Heldr. (Scrophulariaceae) afforded three new resin glycosides, crypthophilic acids A (1), B (2), and C (3). The known compounds catalpol, 9 aucubin, 10 methylcatalpol, 5,8 harpagide, 11 acetylharpagide, 11 chlorogenic acid, 12 tryptophan, 13 acteoside ()verbascoside), 14 angoroside C, 3 and buddlejasaponin III 15 were also isolated. The structures of the known compounds were based on their spectroscopic data (UV, IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and MS).Compound 1 was isolated as a colorless, amorphous powder. The IR spectrum showed absorption bands for OH (3415 cm -1 ), CH (2920 cm -1 ), and C-O-C (1137 cm -1 ). Na + ). In the 1 H NMR spectrum of 1, all proton resonances were observed between δ 5.30 and 3.00 and between δ 2.50 and 0.90 (Table 1). COSY experiments revealed the presence of five spin systems. Four of these were attributed to two hexose and two 6-deoxyhexose (methylpentose) units, and four anomeric protons were observed at δ H 5.21 (d, J ) 1.7 Hz), 4.71 (d, J ) 1.7 Hz), 4.91 (d, J ) 7.7 Hz), and 4. 33 (d, J ) 7.4 Hz). These indicated the presence of a tetraglycosidic structure. The 13 C NMR spectrum showed 40 carbon resonances, of which 24 were assigned to the tetraglycosidic moiety. An HSQC experiment made clear the assignments of each carbon resonance involved in the five spin systems. The coupling constants of the protons and the corresponding carbon resonances together with two secondary methyl signals at δ H 1.25 and 1.27 (each d, J ) 6.3 Hz) indicated that 1 was a tetraglycoside composed of two glucose and two rhamnose moieties. The anomeric configurations were assigned as for the glucopyranosyl and R for the rhamnopyranosyl groups from their coupling constants (Table 1). The sugar sequence was determined on the bas...