Pentoxifylline induces capacitation and acrosome reaction and improves quality of motility in canine ejaculated spermatozoa

Comparison and evaluation of capacitation and acrosomal reaction in freeze-thawed human ejaculated spermatozoa treated with L-carnitine and pentoxifylline

“…The results obtained by Mirshokraei et al. () in fresh samples indicated that PT exerted a beneficial effect on the sperm motility but a detrimental effect of PT on sperm capacitation. Esteves et al.…”

“…There is a controversy about the impacts of PT on cryopreserved spermatozoa. Some reports showed beneficial effects of PT supplementation on the reduction of the acrosomal reaction occurrence after cryopreservation (Esteves, Sharma, Thomas, & Agarwal, ); in contrast, others detected that PT supplementation increases the frequency of the acrosomal‐reacted spermatozoa in the thawed samples (Mirshokraei, Hassanpour, Mehdizadeh, & Taheri, ). However, any supplementation may be toxic and have detrimental effect on the spermatozoa such as cell death (Sato & Ishikawa, ).…”

Influence of pentoxifylline and caffeine on stallion epididymal sperm motility after thawing

“…Pentoxifylline has a positive effect on motility in studies of ejaculated stallion spermatozoa (Gradil and Ball 2000;Stephens et al 2013) and in other species (Mirshokraei et al 2001;Barakat et al 2015). However, there are not many studies about using PTX with stallion epididymal spermatozoa.…”

Evaluation of pentoxifylline and Basal Medium Eagle supplemented to diluent on cryopreserved goat spermatozoa

“…Many reports demonstrate that using of specific substance such pentoxifylline improved the motion characteristics of fresh and post-thaw spermatozoa in different species, which exerts its effects probably by inhibiting cAMP-phosphodiesterase, thus TA B L E 1 Effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) and Basal Medium Eagle (BME) in diluents on motility and velocity characteristics of cryopreserved goat spermatozoa increasing the intracellular cAMP concentration (Bell et al, 1993;Duan & Goldberg, 2003;Gil et al, 2010;Guasti et al, 2013Guasti et al, , 2017Hassanpour et al, 2010;Maxwell et al, 1995;Milani et al, 2010;Mirshokraei et al, 2011;Thongtip et al, 2008). Moreover, PTX, as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been postulated to cause an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation level being associated with an augmentation in spermatozoa motion and kinetic parameters, hyperactivity, acrosome reaction and conception's rate (Henkel & Schill, 2003).…”

“…Pentoxifylline (PTX), as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor in the methylxanthine group, is known to protect the spermatozoa during cryopreservation processes (Bell, Wang, Hellstrom, & Sikka, 1993; Duan & Goldberg, 2003; Gil et al., 2010; Guasti et al., 2013, 2017; Hassanpour, Mirshokraei, Tajik, & Haghparast, 2010; Maxwell et al., 1995; Milani et al., 2010; Mirshokraei, Hassanpour, Mehdizadeh, & Taheri, 2011; Thongtip et al., 2008). The suggestions above indicated that PTX stimulates the spermatozoa motion, acrosome reaction and fertilization rate by inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (Lardy, Garbers, Lust & First, 1971; Aitken, 1997; Armstrong, Clulow, Murdoch, & Jones, 1994; Yovich, 1993) which is additionally able to scavenge the ROS formation (McKinney, Lewis, & Thompson, 1996; Zhang, Sharma, Agarwal, & Falcone, 2005).…”