Pepsinogen

Hirschowitz, Basil I.

doi:10.1136/pgmj.60.709.743

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Acidification of pepsinogen results in activation to pepsin, which involves the proteolytic cleavage of a variable number of amino acid residues [6], which could lead to increased stimulation of gastrin release from the antral G-cells [7]. Also, an increase in luminal pepsin could degrade mucus [8] enabling other aggressive factors to injure the underlying epithelium, leading to ulceration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The different effects of Helicobacter pylori strains on basal and histamine-stimulated acid and pepsin production: An in vitro study

Ben-Hamida

Man

Elgaddal

et al. 1998

Inflammation Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The different effects of Helicobacter pylori strains on basal and histamine-stimulated acid and pepsin production: An in vitro study

Ben-Hamida

Man

Elgaddal

et al. 1998

Inflammation Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The acidic pH created by HCl allows pepsinogen to undergo an autocatalytic cleavage into the active enzyme, pepsin. This acid environment is necessary for the enzymatic activity of pepsin, which is inactivated at a higher pH [33-35]. The absence of pepsin from the pulmonary and bronchial tissues makes its presence in lung aspirates an indicator of gastric content aspiration.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in the diagnosis of aspiration syndromes

Jaoude

Knight

Ohtake

et al. 2010

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recognizing and managing the different types of aspiration events remain a challenging task due to the lack of distinguishing clinical or laboratory characteristics. Numerous biomarkers in serum, sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage have been studied, and their role in the recognition of aspiration remains controversial at this time. Recent animal investigations using an array of biomarkers based on distinct pathogenic features of each aspiration event have produced promising results; however, they have not been validated in humans. Newer markers are being introduced as diagnostic and prognostic tools in conditions such as community-acquired pneumonia and sepsis, but they have not been examined in aspiration. The present review summarizes the different biomarkers that have been studied in aspiration and those who might have a potential clinical use in the future. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptExpert Rev Mol Diagn. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 February 1. Published in final edited form as:Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2010 April ; 10(3): 309-319. doi:10.1586/erm.10.7. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript with gastrointestinal (GI) and esophageal abnormalities [5], as well as patients with neuro logic and neuromuscular diseases [6]. The clinical manifestation of an aspiration event falls within a wide spectrum ranging from subclinical manifestations, such as dry cough or dysphonia to a fulminant life-threatening condition, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The pathogenic process can be further complicated by superimposed secondary infection, lung abscess, airway obstruction, exogenous lipoid pneumonia and progression into chronic interstitial fibrosis [7]. However, the most challenging task for medical practitioners is the ability to differentiate between the two most common presentations of the aspiration syndromes: the gastric aspiration pneumonitis and the bacterial aspiration pneumonia. The distinction between the two entities is important because while bacterial aspiration pneumonia needs to be treated with antibiotics, treatment of aspiration pneumonitis is supportive [8]. Routine use of anti biotics for aspiration-induced lung injury offers no benefits and promotes colonization with drug-resistant bacteria. There is overwhelming epidemiologic evidence to suggest that indiscriminate administration of antibiotics has immediate-and long-term consequences contributing to emergence of multiresistant pathogens and an increased risk of super-infection [9]. In addition, previous exposure to antibiotics is an independent risk factor for development of bacterial pneumonia in the intensive care unit (ICU) [10]. Furthermore, the us...

show abstract

“…24 Antacid therapy with aluminum hydroxide may also stimulate gastric protective mechanisms by promoting the effects of prostaglandins and by prostaglandinindependent mechanisms. Thus, antacids reduce the aggressive factors and may stimulate protective mechanisms in critically ill patients.…”

Section: Antacidsmentioning

confidence: 99%