“…We used sortase to covalently attach protein antigens (i.e., sfGFP, mCherry, and fHbp) to the surface of preassembled, purified VipA/B sheaths in vitro under native conditions. Other groups have exploited sortase in vitro to label proteins with chemical moieties, such as fluorescent probes (27,28), lipids (29), sugars (30), and proteins (31). Sortase may be applied to decorate sheaths with appropriate chemical ligands or adhesins that might give sheaths binding activity for particular target cells, Total mouse IgG ELISA titers are reported as absorbency units at OD 405 for the same serum dilution 1:32,000.…”