Peralihan Kekuasaan Presiden dalam Lintasan Sejarah Ketatanegaraan Indonesia

Abstract

; this paper highlights democracy in the history of the constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. In the history of the nation, from independence to now, there are three kinds of democracy that once applied in the constitutional life of Indonesia, namely the liberal democracy, the guided democracy, and the Pancasila democracy. The liberal democracy leads to a failure of the Constituent establishing Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 as a replacement of Undang-Undang Dasar Sementara 1950. The Guided Democracy is under the reign of the old order and the Pancasila democracy is under the rule of the new order. Although the initial concept for the period intended as an implementation of the fourth principle of Pancasila, but the power was ultimately centralized on the hand of President. A failure of the old and the new order to uphold the values of democracy cause a reformation. In this reformation era, the values of democracy are expected to be enforced. Keywords: The liberal democracy, the guided democracy, the Pancasila democracy. Abstrak; Dalam perjalanan sejarah bangsa, sejak kemerdekaan hingga sekarang, terdapat tiga macam demokrasi yang pernah diterapkan dalam kehidupan ketatanegaraan di Indonesia, yaitu demokrasi liberal, demokrasi terpimpin, dan demokrasi pancasila. Demokrasi liberal bermuara pada kegagalan konstituante menetapkan UUD pengganti UUDS 1950. Demokrasi terpimpin di bawah pemerintahan orde lama dan demokrasi pancasila di bawah pemerintahan orde baru. Meskipun konsep awal pada periode tersebut dimaksudkan sebagai implementasi dari sila keempat Pancasila, tetapi pada akhirnya kekuasaan terpusat pada tangan seorang Presiden. Kegagalan orde lama dan orde baru untuk menegakkan nilai-nilai demokrasi menyebabkan bergulirnya

Indonesia's Presidential Threshold: An Analysis of Legal and Political Dynamics

“…The primary objectives of this session were to ratify the Constitution and elect the President and Vice President. During this session, Otto Iskandardinata proposed the appointment of Soekarno as President and Mohammad Hatta as Vice President through acclamation (Na'imah 2015). This proposal garnered majority approval from PPKI members, thereby establishing the first instance of a leader for the sovereign Indonesian nation to determine its course.…”

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“…The effective conduct of elections can significantly influence the calibre of democratic governance. According to Article 22E, paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the principle of elections is "general elections are carried out directly, publicly, freely, secretly, honestly and fairly once every five years".…”

Soeharto Bukan Dilengserkan Melainkan Mundur: Narasi dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah Indonesia Kelas XII

“…Menteri Pertahanan Wiranto melangkah ke mikrofon dan mengatakan militer ''mendukung dan menyambut baik pengunduran diri Presiden Soeharto,'' dan menjanjikan dukungannya kepada Habibie. Dia juga mengatakan bahwa militer akan menjamin keselamatan keluarga Soeharto (Naimah, 2015).…”

Pemberhentian Presiden dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia

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