Perceived and Objective Conditions As Predictors of the Life Satisfaction of Urban and Non Urban Elderly

Fengler, Alfred P.; Jensen, Leif

doi:10.1093/geronj/36.6.750

Cited by 32 publications

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“…Because there are also so many people in urban areas, the sense of personal and private space is limited (Kivett, 1988). Furthermore, rural older adults believe they are doing well in spite of social and economic disadvantages, whereas urban older adults tend to view deficits in income, health, and social support in a more negative way, resulting in worse psychological outcomes than those of their rural counterparts (Fengler & Jensen, 1981). Kivett (1988) discussed the rural-urban paradox of actual (objective) versus perceived (subjective) life conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Rural and Urban Older Adults in Iowa on Specific Markers of Successful Aging

Evans

2009

Journal of Gerontological Social Work

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This study examines the differences between rural and urban older adults on level of life satisfaction and depressive symptoms, focusing on the effect of social support. Data were collected through structured interviews at senior centers and senior meal sites in eastern and southeastern Iowa. The Duke Social Support Index (DSSI), the Life Satisfaction Index-Z (LSI-Z), and the Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (GDS15) were used. Correlations (Pearson's r), independent sample t-tests, and multiple regression were computed. Findings indicated that urban residents reported more depressive symptoms, as compared to rural residents. Subjective level of social support was a stronger predictor of life satisfaction and was more negatively related to depressive symptoms among rural than among urban older adults. Results suggest that social workers who work with aging people need to be aware of rural-urban differences in mental health. Furthermore, social workers need to have knowledge of older adults' social networks and work to ensure greater opportunity for social interaction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Rural and Urban Older Adults in Iowa on Specific Markers of Successful Aging

Evans

2009

Journal of Gerontological Social Work

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“…In the present study the TMIG Competence Index score was significantly correlated with two items on the PGC Morale Scale: a place in the world for self and acceptance of what cannot be changed. Some studies have suggested that the difference in PGC Moral Scale between the urban and nonurban elderly may be the Yamashita/Iijima/Kobayashi result of actual or perceived differences in community and family support [16][17][18]. Identifying the predictors of a better performance in the aged may help to develop interventions to promote more successful aging [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship among Activities of Daily Living, Apathy, and Subjective Well-Being in Elderly People Living Alone in a Rural Town

Yamashita¹,

Iijima²,

Kobayashi³

1999

Gerontology

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Background: There are limited psychological data on the quality of life and activities of daily living among elderly Japanese who live alone. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of apathy and its correlation with activities of daily living and with subjective well-being in elderly people living alone in a depopulated rural area. Methods: We evaluated 96 individuals aged 70 years or older (mean age 77.8 years) who lived alone at home in a rural town. To evaluate activities of daily living, apathy, and subjective well-being, the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Competence Index, the Apathy Scale, and the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (subjective well-being scale) were used. Results: Of the 96 subjects, 94 (97.9%) showed apathy. The total score of the index of activities of daily living was primarily related to age and the apathy score and less to the PGC Morale Scale score. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that apathy in subjects who live alone appears to exert a marked effect on their ability to perform routine activities of daily living.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Few of the factors described above have been discussed in the literature so far, especially well-being and happiness during retirement and possible differences among people living in urban and rural areas. However, first studies that compared welfare both in rural or urban areas are dated to the 1980s when Kozma and Stones (1983) and Flenger and Jensen (1981) investigated differences in happiness and life satisfaction between urban and non-urban population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors have concluded that urban environment would be more favorable to life satisfaction of elderly people (Flenger and Jensen 1981), but others strongly endorse that the rural environment seems to be a better predictor of happiness (Kozma and Stones 1983). They also confirmed the importance of resources such as healthcare, social and physical activities, and community support (Kozma and Stones 1983) and the differences given between the two environments (Flenger and Jensen 1981). These results were reinforced by the subsequent study by Mongilner (2009) that compared individuals from rural and urban areas, suggesting the great importance given to social relationship was associated with lower importance attributed to personal gains, and economic status would result in higher happiness level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of happiness among retired from urban and rural areas in Brazil

Amorim

França

Valentini

2017

Psicol. Refl. Crít.

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This study compared differences in degree of happiness, social support, activities performed, and health and economic situation among retirees from urban and rural areas in Minas Gerais State in Brazil. The influences of these predictors over individuals' level of happiness were also analyzed. We included 279 retired individuals living in Abre Campo (a municipality with a population fewer than 20,000 inhabitants, which is considered a rural area) and in Belo Horizonte (a municipality with a population of almost 2.5 million inhabitants, which is considered an urban area). Participants responded to a questionnaire that included scales of happiness, social support, diversity of activities, and issues about satisfaction with health and economic situation. Retirees from the urban area had a higher happiness level than retirees from the rural area (β = 0.16). The most important predictors of happiness were health (β = 0.42), social support (β = 0.26), and economic situation (β = 0.15), but no moderation effects of urban and rural areas were found. Our findings support the implementation of actions to offer financial planning before retirement and to stimulate social support and health promotion for retirees, particularly given the importance of these factors in perception of happiness.

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Perceived and Objective Conditions As Predictors of the Life Satisfaction of Urban and Non Urban Elderly

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

A Comparison of Rural and Urban Older Adults in Iowa on Specific Markers of Successful Aging

A Comparison of Rural and Urban Older Adults in Iowa on Specific Markers of Successful Aging

Relationship among Activities of Daily Living, Apathy, and Subjective Well-Being in Elderly People Living Alone in a Rural Town

Predictors of happiness among retired from urban and rural areas in Brazil

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