Perceived Control and the Optimistic Bias: A Meta-Analytic Review

Klein, Cynthia T. F.; Helweg‐Larsen, Marie

doi:10.1080/0887044022000004920

Cited by 303 publications

(259 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, it should be noted that the present paper provides a critical perspective on the use of a cognitive approach to tobacco control and it is not intended to be a systematic review on the application of the OB across different health domains (42)(43)(44). The application of the cognitive approach to smoking is currently not very widespread in the scientific literature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…How the OB evolves in order to sustain the continuation of smoking behavior in adolescent and adult smokers will then be discussed. Finally, an overview will be given of the concurrent psychological and cognitive processes sustaining the activation of the Optimistic Bias (16,17,23,42), in order to gain a better understanding of the belief system of smokers.…”

Section: Smoking Phases and Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Smoking Mind: A Psycho-Cognitive Perspective

Masiero

Renzi

Pravettoni

2017

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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SUMMARYSmoking behavior involves not only a biological addiction, but also psycho-cognitive components. This runs from smoking initiation, through to maintaining, attempts at quitting, and relapse. This perspective is an important element in studying and intervening in smoking behaviors. The main aim of this narrative review is to explore tobacco cigarette smoking behavior, considering the pivotal role of cognitive mechanisms embedded in decision-making and in risk judgment, with particular attention to the so-called Optimistic Bias (OB). The mechanisms through which this fallacy supports smoking initiation and continuance are explored, considering the transition from young to adult smokers and the case of light and intermittent smokers. Furthermore, additional cognitive mechanisms associated with the OB, which sustain smoking behavior and prevent the efficacy of smoking cessation, are described. Finally, a stimulus for reflection and for discussion about how the impact of the cognitive bias perspective in tobacco cigarette smoking is provided, focusing on how it could support tailored interventions, both in smoking initiation prevention in adolescents and young adults, as well as in smoking cessation in high-risk categories. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 27 (2017)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smoking Phases and Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Smoking Mind: A Psycho-Cognitive Perspective

Masiero

Renzi

Pravettoni

2017

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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“…Optimistic bias is a commonly observed tendency for people to view their own risk as less than that of their peers (Klein and Helweg-Larsen 2002). It has been found that people tend to believe their intake of ''unhealthy'' foods is less than average, and that they have less chance of gaining weight or developing heart disease as compared to others (Raats and Sparks 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning you are “at risk”: seniors’ experiences of nutrition risk screening

2011

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Nutrition risk screening can help identify community-dwelling older adults who may benefit from nutrition education and interventions to improve food intake. Research has shown, however, that older adults who are found ''at risk'' through nutrition screening commonly do not see themselves at risk, and many do not follow through with accessing recommended nutrition services. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative study was to examine older adults' experiences of learning they were at risk through nutrition screening and to identify what influenced their perspectives and responses to their screening results. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 22 older adults who had screened at risk (SCREEN II Ó scores \ 54) through a nutrition screening process conducted by mail. Participants received their screening results in a personalized letter before the interview, along with some recommendations to help improve food intake and decrease their nutrition risk. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for themes. When participants reflected about receiving their screening results, some described feeling surprised or even upset by the message that they were at increased risk, whereas others felt unconcerned or reacted with heightened attentiveness to their nutrition. They also began to rationalize their screening score and found ways to explain away their risk. The message that they were at increased risk was poorly understood and not well received because it contradicted their perspective: they felt they were doing the right things, they saw room for improvement rather than seeing themselves at risk, and they tended to make comparisons that helped support the view that they were not truly at risk. Further, even though participants saw room for improvement, they described barriers to change and commonly felt that the recommendations were more applicable for others than themselves. Strategies to improve communication of nutrition screening results and recommendations are discussed to help seniors better understand their risk and take steps to improve their nutrition.

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“…Nos últimos anos, um vasto corpo de literatura tem apoiado tal relação (Harris, 1996;Harris & Middleton, 1994;Helweg-Larsen & Shepperd, 2001;Kos & Clarke, 2001;McKenna, 1993;Moen & Rundmo, 2005;Taylor et al, 1992;Van der Velde et al, 1991). Uma recente meta-análise de 22 estudos mostra que o tamanho do efeito da percepção de controle sobre o OC é considerável (r = 0,31; Klein & Helweg-Larsen, 2002). Aliás, pensa-se que o efeito sistemático da experiência pessoal com eventos negativos na redução da percepção de invulnerabilidade comparativa (e.g., McKenna & Albery, 2001;Weinstein, 1980) se deve em parte a uma percepção de perda pessoal de controle sobre tais eventos (Helweg-Larsen & Shepperd, 2001).…”

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Otimismo comparativo e percepções de controle face à saúde na adolescência: existirão diferenças etárias?

Bernardes

Lima

2005

Estud. psicol. (Natal)

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O Otimismo Comparativo (OC), a tendência da maioria das pessoas para ver o seu futuro como mais positivo que o futuro dos outros, e a sua relação com a Percepção de Controle estão pouco estudados na adolescência. Os objetivos deste estudo prenderam-se com a análise das diferenças etárias na adolescência: (1) no OC e Percepções Comparativas de Controle (PCC) face a riscos para a saúde e (2) na forma como as Percepções Absolutas e Comparativas de Controle predizem o OC. Noventa e um pré-adolescentes (M = 11,92 anos) e 97 adolescentes (M = 16,86 anos) saudáveis efectuaram julgamentos de risco e controle (Próprio vs. Alvo) para 8 enfermidades. Os participantes mostraram-se comparativamente otimistas, julgando ter maior controle sobre algumas doenças que o alvo. Não existiram diferenças etárias no OC ou nas PCCs. Estas foram o principal preditor do OC, mediando a relação entre este e as Percepções Absolutas de Controle apenas na sub-amostra dos adolescentes.

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Perceived Control and the Optimistic Bias: A Meta-Analytic Review

Cited by 303 publications

References 35 publications

The Smoking Mind: A Psycho-Cognitive Perspective

The Smoking Mind: A Psycho-Cognitive Perspective

Learning you are “at risk”: seniors’ experiences of nutrition risk screening

Otimismo comparativo e percepções de controle face à saúde na adolescência: existirão diferenças etárias?

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