“…Johnson, Giles and Bourhis (1983) argue that objective and subjective vitality provide a startingpoint from which the difficult link between sociological (collective) and social psychological (individual) accounts of language, ethnicity, and inter-group relations can be explored. In the last decade, empirical work has begun to test the usefulness of the concept of ethnolinguistic vitality as a research tool (e.g., Bourhis and Sachdev, 1984;Giles, Rosenthal and Young, 1985;Pittam, Gallois and Willemyns, 1991;Willemyns, Pittam and Gallois, 1993;Yagmur, De Bot and Korzilius, 1999). The findings from these studies claim strong empirical support for the social psychological nature of the concepts of both objective and perceived ethnolinguistic vitality, but there is also considerable discussion of various aspects of the theory and its application in empirical research.…”