Perceived Exertion is Not Necessarily Associated with Altered Brain Activity during Exercise

Shibuya, Kenichi; Ueda, Chihoko; Sato, Kohei; Shimizu-Okuyama, Shizuyo; Saito, Mitsuru; Kagaya, Atsuko; Kamo, Mifuyu; Osada, Takuya; Sadamoto, Tomoko

doi:10.2114/jpa2.28.63

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…RPE increased progressively throughout the time trial, whereas Cox fluctuated), which is surprising if it is believed that cerebral deoxygenation is causally associated with perception of effort. First indices of such a relationship may be found in the recent work of Shibuya et al (2009) which revealed that perceived exertion during a submaximal contraction of the elbow flexors is not necessarily associated with prefrontal cortex oxygenation. These results indicate that the selection of the pace at the beginning of an exercise may not be associated with prefrontal cortex activity per se, but rather with other sensory signals (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral oxygenation decreases but does not impair performance during self‐paced, strenuous exercise

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral oxygenation decreases but does not impair performance during self‐paced, strenuous exercise

et al. 2010

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“…In contrast, Shibuya et al [20 ]measured prefrontal cortex oxygenation levels of healthy subjects during elbow flexion CWRE with or without muscle spindle stimulation, which can decrease perceived exertion. Cerebral oxygenation increased with exercise, but oxy-Hb concentration was not changed by muscle spindle stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mild cycling CWRE with NIRS recording was performed at a working intensity corresponding to 40% of a subject’s symptom-limited peak work rate achieved during the incremental exercise test at visit 3. To avoid the interfusion of the effects of exercise intensity and perceived exertion on prefrontal activation, the exercise intensity was set to a stable level (constant work rate) [20]. Ide et al [21] reported that arterial lactate accumulation did not change significantly during mild exercise (30% of maximum oxygen consumption, V O 2 max), but it increased during maximal exercise (60% of V O 2 max).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of the Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated with Exertional Dyspnea in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Higashimoto

Honda²,

Yamagata³

et al. 2011

Respiration

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Background: Exertional dyspnea is the primary symptom that limits exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is unknown which activated brain area is associated with this symptom in COPD patients. Objectives: To investigate the activation of cortical areas associated with dyspnea during exercise in COPD patients. Methods: COPD patients (n = 10) and age-matched controls (n = 10) performed mild-intensity constant work rate cycle exercise (40% of their symptom-limited peak work rates) for 10 min, while cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Ventilatory responses (breathing pattern and pulmonary gas exchange) and Borg scale ratings of dyspnea and leg fatigue were measured during exercise. Three NIRS probes were placed over the prefrontal and temporoparietal cortical regions of the subjects’ heads. Changes in cortical oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (deoxy-Hb), and total hemoglobin (total Hb) concentrations from baseline recordings were measured. Increased oxy-Hb (oxygenation) was assumed to reflect cortical activation. Results: Oxy-Hb concentration was significantly increased in the prefrontal region during exercise in both groups but not in the temporoparietal regions. The change in prefrontal oxy-Hb concentration of COPD patients was not different from that of controls. Dyspnea scores were positively correlated with changes in oxy-Hb concentrations of the prefrontal regions in both groups. Multivariate analysis showed that oxy-Hb concentration in the prefrontal region was the best predictor of dyspnea in both groups. Conclusions: Exertional dyspnea was related to activation (oxygenation) of the prefrontal cortex in COPD patients and control subjects.

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“…During an incremental exercise test, 8 min of low-intensity CWRE was undertaken after a 1-min rest and 1-min warm-up period, with NIRS being recorded at a work intensity corresponding to 40% of a participant's symptom-limited peak work rate [21]. PDI was determined each minute, during both exercise and rest periods, using the 10-point Borg scale [22,23].…”

Section: Multichannel Nirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exertional dyspnoea and cortical oxygenation in patients with COPD

et al. 2015

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This study was designed to investigate the association of perceived dyspnoea intensity with cortical oxygenation and cortical activation during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and exertional hypoxaemia.Low-intensity exercise was performed at a constant work rate by patients with COPD and exertional hypoxaemia (n=11) or no hypoxaemia (n=16), and in control participants (n=11). Cortical oxyhaemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxyhaemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) concentrations were measured by multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy. Increased deoxy-Hb is assumed to reflect impaired oxygenation, whereas decreased deoxy-Hb signifies cortical activation.Exercise decreased cortical deoxy-Hb in control and nonhypoxaemic patients. Deoxy-Hb was increased in hypoxaemic patients and oxygen supplementation improved cortical oxygenation. Decreased deoxy-Hb in the pre-motor cortex (PMA) was significantly correlated with exertional dyspnoea in control participants and patients with COPD without hypoxaemia. In contrast, increased cortical deoxy-Hb concentration was correlated with dyspnoea in patients with COPD and hypoxaemia. With the administration of oxygen supplementation, exertional dyspnoea was correlated with decreased deoxy-Hb in the PMA of COPD patients with hypoxaemia.During exercise, cortical oxygenation was impaired in patients with COPD and hypoxaemia compared with control and nonhypoxaemic patients; this difference was ameliorated with oxygen supplementation. Exertional dyspnoea was related to activation of the pre-motor cortex in COPD patients. @ERSpublications Exertional dyspnoea was related to activation of the pre-motor cortex in COPD patients

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Perceived Exertion is Not Necessarily Associated with Altered Brain Activity during Exercise

Cited by 11 publications

References 62 publications

Cerebral oxygenation decreases but does not impair performance during self‐paced, strenuous exercise

Cerebral oxygenation decreases but does not impair performance during self‐paced, strenuous exercise

Activation of the Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated with Exertional Dyspnea in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Exertional dyspnoea and cortical oxygenation in patients with COPD

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