Perceived Experiences of Discrimination in Health Care: A Barrier for Cancer Screening Among American Indian Women with Type 2 Diabetes

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Baker

Simoni

et al. 2017

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Perceived Discrimination in Obesity Among African Americans

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Baker

Simoni

et al. 2017

“…Patients who report racial/ethnic discrimination are more likely to postpone medical tests and treatment, 27 underutilize health services, 28 and forego preventive health services. [29][30][31] They have lower satisfaction with care, 32,33 higher levels of medical mistrust, 32 and are less likely to adhere to physicians' recommendations. 34 Thus, perceived discrimination in health care predicts a host of adverse outcomes, from poor self-reported health to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, birth outcomes, and mental health problems.…”

Section: Perceived Discrimination In Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensions of Racial Identity and Perceived Discrimination in Health Care

Oates

2016

Ethn Dis

Objective: Perceived discrimination is an important risk factor for minority health. Drawing from the scholarship on multidimensionality of race, this study examines the relationships between perceived discrimination in health care and two dimensions of racial identity: self-identified race/ethnicity and perceived attributed race/ ethnicity (respondents’ perceptions of how they are racially classified by others).Methods: We used Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data collected in 2004- 2013 and we specifically examined the data on perceived racial discrimination in health care during the past 12 months, perceived attributed race/ethnicity, and self-identified race/ethnicity.Results: In models adjusting for sociodemographic and other factors, both dimensions of racial/ethnic identity contributed independently to perceived discrimination in health care. After controlling for self-identified race/ethnicity, respondents who reported being classified as Black, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American had higher likelihood of perceived discrimination than respondents who reported being classified as White. Similarly, after taking perceived attributed race/ethnicity into account, self-identified Blacks, Native Americans, and multiracial respondents were more likely to report perceived discrimination than counterparts who self-identified as White. The model using only perceived attributed race/ ethnicity to predict perceived discrimination showed a superior fit with the data than the model using only self-identified race/ ethnicity.Conclusion: Perceived attributed race/ ethnicity captures an aspect of racial/ethnic identity that is correlated, but not interchangeable, with self-identified race/ethnicity and contributes uniquely to perceived discrimination in health care. Applying the concept of multidimensionality of race/ ethnicity to health disparities research may reveal understudied mechanisms linking race/ethnicity to health risks.Ethn Dis. 2016;26(4):501-512; doi:10.18865/ ed.26.4.501

“…1-7 Although discrimination can occur in various life domains, discrimination in healthcare settings is of particular concern because of its negative implications for preventive care. Patients who report perceived discrimination tend to forego preventive services, 8-10 postpone medical tests and treatment, 11 and underutilize health services in general 12 ; they also report worse physician– patient communication and lower satisfaction with care, 13,14 which may contribute to poorer compliance and adherence. 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Discrimination and Privilege in Health Care: The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Race

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Oates

2017

160

107

Introduction This study examined how perceived racial privilege and perceived racial discrimination in health care varied with race and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods The sample consisted of white, black, and Native American respondents to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2005–2013) who had sought health care in the past 12 months. Multiple logistic regression models of perceived racial privilege and perceived discrimination were estimated. Analyses were performed in 2016. Results Perceptions of racial privilege were less common among blacks and Native Americans compared with whites, while perceptions of racial discrimination were more common among these minorities. In whites, higher income and education contributed to increased perceptions of privileged treatment and decreased perceptions of discrimination. The pattern was reversed in blacks, who reported more discrimination and less privilege at higher income and education levels. Across racial groups, respondents who reported foregone medical care due to cost had higher risk of perceived racial discrimination. Health insurance contributed to less perceived racial discrimination and more perceived privilege only among whites. Conclusions SES is an important social determinant of perceived privilege and perceived discrimination in health care, but its role varies by indicator and racial group. Whites with low education or no health insurance, well-educated blacks, and individuals who face cost-related barriers to care are at increased risk of perceived discrimination. Policies and interventions to reduce these perceptions should target structural and systemic factors, including society-wide inequalities in income, education, and healthcare access, and should be tailored to account for racially specific healthcare experiences.