Perceived Parental Control in Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong: A Three-Year Longitudinal Study

Abstract

Utilizing a longitudinal research design, perceived parental control in 2,559 Chinese adolescents over three consecutive years was examined by measures of indigenous Chinese parental control concepts (Chinese Paternal Control Scale: CPCS; Chinese Maternal Control Scale: CMCS). The relationships between CPCS and CMCS and measures of parental control and parent-child relational qualities were also investigated. Although Chinese parents had high expectations about their children, they were not strict in parental discipline. The CPCS and CMCS scores were significantly correlated with measures of parental control and perceived parental endorsement of traditional Chinese parenting beliefs in early adolescent years. While CPCS and CMCS had weak concurrent and prospective relationships with parent-child relational qualities measures, the observed relationships were moderated by parental psychological control. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Students’ Mediator Variables in the Relationship between Family Involvement and Academic Performance: Effects of the Styles of Involvement

“…These types of effects were also tested in cases among Primary and Secondary Education students performing tasks whose contents relate to different academic subjects, mainly Mathematics and Reading, and in other non-academic performance contexts, where control and/or support came from teachers, with confirmatory results across different cultures (Barber, Stolz, & Olsen, 2005;Chatzisarantis et al, 2007;Santos Rego, Godás, Ferraces, et al, 2016;Shek, 2008;Simpkins et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 2009). In short, both for family and teaching staff, the styles based on behavioral control and on consistent and continuous support in academic tasks have differential effects on academic achievement and the development of autonomous behavior related to school work.…”

The Social Welfare Practice and Research Center at the Chinese University of Hong Kong

“…One unique feature of this project is three waves of longitudinal data were collected from a large sample with more than 3,000 students participating at Wave 1. In view of the paucity of longitudinal research studies in different Chinese contexts, this study is a pioneering research project in the Chinese culture (Shek, 2007a(Shek, , 2007b(Shek, , 2008b.…”