“…It has been noted that larger amphipods have an advantage to pair with larger females in a process known as mate guarding (Elwood and Dick, 1990), so it is important to study whether this advantage is only because of the size or if sperm quality of larger males is also higher than sperm quality of smaller males. Positive correlations between adult male size and sperm counts have also been reported in amphipods, for example, in Echinogammarus marinus (Yang et al, 2008), Gammarus pulex (Galipaud et al, 2011) and Gammarus duebeni (Arundell et al, 2014). However, no relationship between these parameters were reported in G. duebeni (Dunn et al, 2006), G. pulex (Lemaître et al, 2009) and Gammarus roeseli (Couchoux et al, 2018).…”