Perceived Sanction Threats, Gender, and Crime: A Test and Elaboration of Power‐control Theory*

Blackwell, Brenda

doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00896.x

Cited by 62 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…This was consistent with much prior deterrence-related research indicating that informal, and self-imposed sanctions tended to overpower formal sanctions (Blackwell, 2000). Including shame and embarrassment also rendered the effect of low self-control insignificant among females in more patriarchal households, a significant attenuation (z m = 3.323).…”

Section: Replacing Risk With Legal Sanctions Shame and Embarrassmentsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In other words, mothers' supervision and girls' affection for mothers impacted girls' risk preferences, risk perceptions, and delinquency while fathers were more likely to impact their sons' attitudes and behaviors. Ultimately, Blackwell (2000) concluded that this was not necessarily out of line with power-control theory, drawing attention to the potential that fathers' greater involvement in child-rearing in less patriarchal households might be decreasing boys' delinquency.…”

Section: Enter Power-control Theorymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Indeed, these two concepts were so closely linked that critics contended that Gottfredson and Hirschi presented a tautology (Akers, 1991;Sampson, 1992). Gottfredson and Hirschi (see also Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1993, 2000 responded that individuals with low self-control were not necessarily criminals; rather, criminality was subsumed under low self-control. This did not mean that all people who had low self-control were criminals, but instead indicated that under certain conditions, those with low self-control were more likely than those with high self-control to commit crime.…”

Section: Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theorymentioning

confidence: 95%

See 2 more Smart Citations

On the relationships between gender, power control, self-control, and crime

Blackwell

Piquero

2005

Journal of Criminal Justice

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Section: Replacing Risk With Legal Sanctions Shame and Embarrassmentsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Enter Power-control Theorymentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theorymentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On the relationships between gender, power control, self-control, and crime

Blackwell

Piquero

2005

Journal of Criminal Justice

Self Cite

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“…Baer [81] found that a mother's direct monitoring of her children's activities is a significant deterrent of delinquent offending across all three racial-groups in the study's sample but a father's direct supervision is a significant deterrent for European-American (i.e., white) but not African-American (i.e., black) or Mexican-American (i.e., Hispanic) children. There could also be differences in terms of perceived threats of informal sanctions, such as shame and embarrassment, which can produce gender differences in offending and these differences can vary by type of household [82]. Females are more likely to be strongly attached to parents and feel more shame than males [83].…”

Section: The Role Of Gender and Place On Parental Social Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Parental Maltreatment and Parental Social Control on Self-Reported Violent Offending in Indonesia and the U.S.: Does Gender Make a Difference?

Kokkalera

Marshall

2018

Societies

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Abstract:In this article, we examine the role of parental maltreatment and parental social control in violent delinquency in two different countries: Indonesia and the U.S. but we go further by asking if gender makes a difference. We use a sample of Indonesian and U.S. youths from ISRD3 data, a self-reported survey instrument administered across multiple countries. We use logistic regressions to examine the associations between parental maltreatment, parental social control and self-reported violent delinquency and test whether gender and country modifies these associations. We find that both gender and country are significant predictors of violent delinquency. Further, there are differences between Indonesian and U.S. youths in terms of the predictors that are associated with violent delinquent offending. Specifically, parental maltreatment in the form of direct exposure to parental violence is a significant predictor for U.S. youths but not Indonesian youths whereas parental supervision is a significant deterrent of violent offending for both. We also find that girls are more likely to report violent offending than males when indirectly exposed to violence. Thus, our findings reiterate that both gender and context matter.

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“…Some studies led us to expect low violence rates for Muslim Thai girls, especially in public places: Sherer and Sherer (2008) argued that Arab girls in Israel, who grew up in a traditional society, and who had less freedom than Western girls, were less likely to be involved in violent encounters. Blackwell (2000) found varying effects of threats of informal sanctions, specifically shame and embarrassment, on males and females, depending on the extent of patriarchy in their households of origin. Although Thailand is also a patriarchal society, and probably shares the tendencies of traditional societies, we found the southern Thai girls had higher mean scores of violence than the girls in the other two provinces.…”

Section: Differences Among Provincesmentioning

confidence: 97%

In the Shadow of Terror: High School Youth Violence in Thailand

Pradubmook-Sherer

Sherer

2014

J Fam Viol

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This study explored the prevalence and severity of own violence, violence in the family, the school, and the neighborhoods of high school students from three distinguished provinces in Thailand and consisted of 1305 youths. The southern Muslim province has the highest rates of violence; and males were found to be more violent than females. Own violence among Thai youth is lower than the ones in western societies. As in the west, the highest violent rates were indicated in the schools, followed by violence in the community and the family. The results were interpreted in light of the social/demographic and cultural characteristics of Thailand.Keywords Violence . Youth violence . Gender . Family violence . School violence . Community violence . Peer violence . Own violence Youth violence has concerned many cultures and countries, but attempts to tackle it by 20th century theoreticians, policy makers and social change agents have failed. As part of an ongoing global effort to shed more light on youth violence, our study took place in Thailand where youth violence is rising in a rapidly changing society (WHO Kobe Center, 2007). Drawing on the latest developments in the field, this study suggests paths to solutions and some broad theoretical and practical conclusions. Prevalence of Youth ViolenceYouth violence is a widespread multidimensional phenomenon, which includes verbal, psychological, physical and sexual assaults. In a nationally-representative sample of youth in grades 9 to 12 in the US in 2009, 31.5 % reported being in a physical fight in the 12 months preceding the survey, the prevalence was higher among males (39.3 %) than females (22.9 %), and 17.5 % reported carrying a weapon (gun, knife or club) on one or more days in the month preceding the survey (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010).In another nationwide survey in 2009, approximately 60 % of those aged 17 and younger had been exposed to violence within the preceding year, either directly or indirectly; 60.6 % of those younger than 18 had either experienced or witnessed one or more victimizations, 46.3 % had been physically assaulted, 6.1 % sexually victimized, and 25.3 % had witnessed incidents of family assault or community violence (Finkelhor et al. 2009). Physical bullying had been experienced by 13.2 %, somewhat more often by boys than girls and considerably more often by those under nine years of age than those aged 10 and older.Some international figures are illuminating. Craig et al. (2009) indicated that exposure to bullying varied across countries, with estimates ranging from 8.6 to 45.2 % among boys and from 4.8 to 35.8 % among girls; 26 % of participating adolescents from the 40 countries (n=53,249) reported involvement in bullying. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that among school-aged children in many parts of the world, approximately one-third of students reported having been involved in physical fighting, with males being two to three times more likely than females to have fought. The majority of 13-year-olds in...

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Perceived Sanction Threats, Gender, and Crime: A Test and Elaboration of Power‐control Theory*

Cited by 62 publications

References 76 publications

On the relationships between gender, power control, self-control, and crime

On the relationships between gender, power control, self-control, and crime

The Role of Parental Maltreatment and Parental Social Control on Self-Reported Violent Offending in Indonesia and the U.S.: Does Gender Make a Difference?

In the Shadow of Terror: High School Youth Violence in Thailand

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