Percentage Contribution of Lower Limb Moments to Vertical Ground Reaction Force in Normal Gait

Elhafez, Salam M; Ashour, Ahmed A.; Elhafez, N.M.; Elhafez, Ghada M; Abdelmohsen, Azza M.

doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2018.11.003

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Also, the magnitude of the vertical hip JRF (Fz) achieved the most significant value compared to the mediolateral (Fx) and anteroposterior (Fy) reactive force during single-limb support. Furthermore, Salam M. Elhafez (2019), also demonstrated that the joints of the lower extremities were most loaded during the single supporting phase of the gait cycle [ 13 ]. They observed the reaction forces of these joints to be significantly increased at this sub-phase while walking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two functions enable the users to calculate this percent when the ramp has a fixed degree and when the weight has a fixed value (Fig 11A and 11B). Thus the model presented in 13) demonstrate the synchronization between Q hip force software, Q gait and Q view softwares needed for calculating the GRF and JRF values, which are important for prediction and extrapolation of data. The result is derived from the input data through the computer programming languages of the software.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 98%

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Three dimensional analysis of hip joint reaction force using Q Hip Force (AQHF) software: Implication as a diagnostic tool

Abd-Eltawab

Farhana

2022

PLoS ONE

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Assessment of hip joint reaction force (JRF) is one of the analytical methods that can enable an understanding of the healthy walking index and the propensity towards disease. In this study, we have designed software, Analysis Q Hip Force (AQHF), to analyze the data retrieved from the mathematical equations for calculating the JRF and ground reaction force (GRF) that act on the hip joint during the early part of the stance phase. The stance phase is considered the least stable sub-phase during walking on level ground, and the gait stability is sequentially minimized during walking on elevated ramps. We have calculated the JRF and GRF values of walking stances on varied inclinations. The data obtained from these calculations during walking on elevated ramps were exported from mathematical equations to Q Hip Force software as two separate values, namely the JRF data and GRF data of the hip joint. The Q Hip Force software stores the two reaction force data in a text file, which allows the import and easy readability of the analyzed data with the AQHF application. The input and output data from the AQHF software were used to investigate the effect of different walking ramps on the magnitude of the hip JRF and GRF. The result of this study demonstrates a significant correlation between the JRF/GRF values and healthy walking indices till a ramp elevation of 70°. The software is designed to calculate and extrapolate data to analyze the possibility of stress in the hip joint. The framework developed in this study shows promise for preclinical and clinical applications. Studies are underway to use the results of JRF and GRF values as a diagnostic and prognostic tools in different diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 98%

Three dimensional analysis of hip joint reaction force using Q Hip Force (AQHF) software: Implication as a diagnostic tool

Abd-Eltawab

Farhana

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…Measurement of the vGRF does not require a full motion capture system, and thus may be an easier target for intervention. The vGRF influences knee joint kinetics, 21,50 and animal work has shown that higher vGRF is associated with depleted articular cartilage proteoglycans following ACL transection 51 . Higher vGRF after ACL reconstruction has also been associated with greater deterioration of cartilage as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein responses to a mechanical stimulus associate with ambulatory loading in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Erhart‐Hledik

Titchenal

Migliore

et al. 2021

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Mechanical factors have been implicated in the development of osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. This study tested for associations between ambulatory joint loading (total joint moment [TJM] and vertical ground reaction force [vGRF]) and changes in serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in response to a mechanical stimulus (30‐min walk) in individuals with ACL reconstruction. Twenty‐five subjects (mean age: 34.5 ± 9.8 years; 2.2 ± 0.2 years post‐surgery) with primary unilateral ACL reconstruction underwent gait analysis for assessment of peak vGRF and TJM first (TJM1) and second (TJM2) peaks. Serum COMP concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay immediately before, 3.5 h, and 5.5 h after a 30‐min walk. Pearson correlation coefficients and backward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, with adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, and between‐limb speed difference, assessed associations between changes in COMP and between‐limb differences in joint loading parameters. Greater TJM1 (R = 0.542, p = 0.005), TJM2 (R = 0.460, p = 0.021), and vGRF (R = 0.577, p = 0.003) in the ACL‐reconstructed limb as compared to the contralateral limb were associated with higher COMP values 3.5 h following the 30‐min walk. Change in COMP at 5.5 h became a significant predictor of the between‐limb difference in TJM1 and vGRF in multivariate analyses after accounting for the between‐limb speed difference. These results demonstrate that higher TJM and vGRF in the ACLR limb as compared to the contralateral limb are associated with higher relative COMP levels 3.5 and 5.5 h after a 30‐min walk. Future work should investigate the effect of therapies to alter joint loading on the biological response in individuals after ACL reconstruction.

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“…The cameras picked up each lower limb joint position to distinguish the relative body portions during locomotion. According to the Pro-Reflex user guidebook, twenty passive reflective markers were located on specific body points ( Qualisys and Gothenburg, 2011 ; Elhafez et al, 2019 ). These specific sites were 1. right and left shoulders, 2. the 12th thoracic vertebrae, 3. sacrum, 4. right and left anterior superior iliac spines, 5. right and left greater trochanters, 6. right and left suprapatellar regions, 7. right and left knee joint lines, 8. right and left tibial tuberosities, 9. right and left ankle joints, and 10. right and left heels and toes (between the 2nd and 3rd metatarsals).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Dimorphism Impact on the Ground Reaction Force Acting on the Mediolateral Direction During Level Walking: Hip Abductor Muscle Biomechanics and Its Correlation to GRF Moment Arm

Abd-Eltawab

Ameer

Eladl

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The female pelvis morphology represents an evolved compensation between two opposing needs: a broad pelvis enough to deliver a sizeable brained offspring while remaining narrow enough to allow for effective bipedal gait. The precise expectation of hip abductor force generation is critical in anthropological studies and experimental practice of human stride mechanics. Hip implants and surgical procedures for hip anatomy reconstruction are based on the static single-leg stance paradigm. The current work investigated the impact of sexual dimorphism on the ground reaction force (GRF) acting on the mediolateral direction during level walking, emphasizing the difference in hip abductor muscle biomechanics and its correlation to ground reaction force moment arm, R. The ground reaction force in the mediolateral direction, hip abduction and adduction moments during the gait cycle and ground reaction force moment arm, R were measured. The current study concludes that the male individuals exhibit significantly higher mass-specific mediolateral ground reaction force during level walking. In contrast, hip abductor moments/kg body weight, medialization of the trochanter, R, and hip coronal were more significant in female individuals. We conclude that increased abductor moment and medialization of the greater trochanter will increase R, hip coronal and decrease abductor moment arm, r, in female individuals, affecting the effective mechanical advantage (EMA) of hip abductors in single-limb stance during level walking.

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Percentage Contribution of Lower Limb Moments to Vertical Ground Reaction Force in Normal Gait

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Three dimensional analysis of hip joint reaction force using Q Hip Force (AQHF) software: Implication as a diagnostic tool

Three dimensional analysis of hip joint reaction force using Q Hip Force (AQHF) software: Implication as a diagnostic tool

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein responses to a mechanical stimulus associate with ambulatory loading in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Sexual Dimorphism Impact on the Ground Reaction Force Acting on the Mediolateral Direction During Level Walking: Hip Abductor Muscle Biomechanics and Its Correlation to GRF Moment Arm

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