Percentage of pupillary dilation as a measure of item difficulty

Payne, Donald T.; Parry, Mary Ellen; Harasymiw, Stefan J.

doi:10.3758/bf03210453

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Thus, the MPDC was higher for participants who gave more incorrect responses and who reported a higher workload in the NASA-TLX. Negative correlations between the pupil diameter and the proportion of correct responses were also found by Ahern (1978), Payne, Parry & Harasymiw (1968) and Recarte et al (2008). These findings could be useful for determining the feasibility of using the pupil diameter in human-machine applications such as adaptive automation, which is "an approach to automation design where tasks are dynamically allocated between the human operator and computer systems" (Byrne & Parasuraman, 1996, p. 249).…”

Section: Correlations Between Mpdc Nasa-tlx and Proportion Of Incorsupporting

confidence: 61%

Workload assessment for mental arithmetic tasks using the task-evoked pupillary response

Marquart

Winter

2015

PeerJ Computer Science

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Pupillometry is a promising method for assessing mental workload and could be helpful in the optimization of systems that involve human-computer interaction. The present study focuses on replicating the studies by Ahern (1978) and Klingner (2010), which found that for three levels of difficulty of mental multiplications, the more difficult multiplications yielded larger dilations of the pupil. Using a remote eye tracker, our research expands upon these two previous studies by statistically testing for each 1.5 s interval of the calculation period (1) the mean absolute pupil diameter (MPD), (2) the mean pupil diameter change (MPDC) with respect to the pupil diameter during the pre-stimulus accommodation period, and (3) the mean pupil diameter change rate (MPDCR). An additional novelty of our research is that we compared the pupil diameter measures with a self-report measure of workload, the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), and with the mean blink rate (MBR). The results showed that the findings of Ahern and Klingner were replicated, and that the MPD and MPDC discriminated just as well between the lowest and highest difficulty levels as did the NASA-TLX. The MBR, on the other hand, did not differentiate between the difficulty levels. Moderate to strong correlations were found between the MPDC and the proportion of incorrect responses, indicating that the MPDC was higher for participants with a poorer performance. For practical applications, validity could be improved by combining pupillometry with other physiological techniques.

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Section: Correlations Between Mpdc Nasa-tlx and Proportion Of Incorsupporting

confidence: 61%

Workload assessment for mental arithmetic tasks using the task-evoked pupillary response

Marquart

Winter

2015

PeerJ Computer Science

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“…1971). mathematical reasoning (Ahern & Beatty, 1979Bradshaw, 1968;Hess & Polt, 1964;Payne, Parry. & Harasymiw, 1968), sensory perception (Hakerem & Sutton, 1966) and discrimination (Kahneman I Beatty, 1967).…”

Section: Pupil-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Saccade Length Index of Taskload for Biocybernetic Application

Kennedy¹,

May²,

Jones³

et al. 1989

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“…Pupil dilation was found to be increased in response to increases in task demands and diffi culty -and the effects were confi rmed in many contexts, from mental arithmetic (Bradshaw 1968 ;Payne et al 1968 ) to short-term memory tasks (Kahneman and Beatty 1966 ;compare also Kahneman 1973 ). To our knowledge, no research has yet investigated the relationship of pupil dilation with fl owexperience, although this could be an interesting real-time measure of fl ow, which could complement psychophysiological fl ow-research.…”

Section: The Physiology Of Mental Effortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the transfer of methods from the tradition of mental effort to fl ow research has one important challenge: many of the tasks are not applicable for fl owresearch, as fl ow requires tasks to be skill-related, with clear goals and direct feedback (Csikszentmihalyi 1975 ). Considering this claim, one task paradigm from mental effort research that is applicable to fl ow is mental arithmetic (Bradshaw 1968 ;Payne et al 1968 ). Indeed, mental arithmetic has already been used successfully in fl ow-research: Ulrich and colleagues ( 2014 ) have applied a mental arithmetic paradigm in a neuropsychological study on fl ow.…”

Section: Task Diffi Cultymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different types of tasks were used to investigate mental effort, such as mental arithmetic (Bradshaw 1968 ;Payne et al 1968 ), short-term memory tasks (Kahneman and Beatty 1966 ), Stroop tasks (e.g., Fairclough and Houston 2004 ), pitch discrimination tasks (Kahneman andBeatty 1967 ), concentration tests (d2, Brickenkamp 1981 ), sentence comprehension tasks (Ahern and Beatty 1979 ), or imagery tasks (Eysenck 1979 ). Those tasks were usually presented at varying diffi culty levels in order to investigate different levels of mental effort.…”

Section: Task Diffi Cultymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experimental Paradigms to Investigate Flow-Experience and Its Psychophysiology: Inspired from Stress Theory and Research

Tozman

Peifer

2016

Flow Experience

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In this chapter, we present new psychological and physiological research paradigms to assess and investigate fl ow-experience. We compare fl ow theory and research with concepts of challenge and threat, as well as with mental effort. By taking a closer look at physiological processes during challenge and threat and during mental effort, we outline physiological measures that might relate to fl owexperience but have not yet been considered by fl ow-research yet. Also, we describe research paradigms from the research-traditions of challenge and threat and mental effort and discuss applications for fl ow-research. Within this chapter, we aim at stimulating experimental research on fl ow-experience for a better understanding of its psychological and physiological mechanisms.

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Percentage of pupillary dilation as a measure of item difficulty

Cited by 41 publications

References 6 publications

Workload assessment for mental arithmetic tasks using the task-evoked pupillary response

Workload assessment for mental arithmetic tasks using the task-evoked pupillary response

Development of Saccade Length Index of Taskload for Biocybernetic Application

Experimental Paradigms to Investigate Flow-Experience and Its Psychophysiology: Inspired from Stress Theory and Research

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