“…Regarding quantitative approaches, researchers commonly used surveys or questionnaires (Saxena, 2018;Szopi nski and Staniewski, 2017;MacGregor Pelikanova et al, 2021;Il Park and Xiao, 2021;Iqbal and Ahmad, 2022) and various forms of regression analysis, such as panel data analysis (Uyar et al, 2021;DiRienzo et al, 2007;Dhaoui, 2022;Setor et al, 2021;Ben Ali and Gasmi, 2017;Li et al, 2021;Andersen et al, 2011;Basyal et al, 2018;Nimer et al, 2022;Androniceanu and Georgescu, 2021; Romero-Mart ınez and Garc ıa-Muiña, 2021; Khan and Krishnan, 2021;Wandaogo, 2022;Majeed, 2020;Gouvea et al, 2022) or generalised method of moments (GMM) (Mouna et al, 2020;Abbas et al, 2022). Surveys (questionnaires) were frequently used to investigate the users' perception of various digitalisation tools in curbing corruption.…”