Perceptions of Trait Typicality in Gender Stereotypes: Examining the Role of Attribution and Categorization Processes

Krueger, Joachim I.; Hasman, Julie F.; Acevedo, Melissa; Villano, Paola

doi:10.1177/0146167202238376

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A rich literature demonstrates that idealized leadership traits are frequently gendered as male. A short list includes Aalberg and Jenssen 2007;Alexander and Andersen 1993;Fullagar et al 2003;Huddy and Terkildsen 1993;Krueger et al 2003;Lawless 2004;and Sanbonmatsu 2002. some cultural contexts, advantage male candidates. In other cultural contexts, however, I expect the personal vote to have no effect on women's legislative representation, and in still others, it could conceivably benefit female candidates; the effect of this institution depends on how voters use the "information" of gender when they are faced with a female candidate.…”

Section: The Effect Of the Personal Vote On Women's Legislative Reprementioning

confidence: 99%

Electoral Institutions and the Manifestation of Bias: The Effect of the Personal Vote on the Representation of Women

Valdini

2013

Pol & Gen

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The “personal vote” refers to “that portion of a candidate's electoral support which originates in his or her personal qualities, qualifications, activities, and record” (Cain, Ferejohn, and Fiorina 1987, 9). The presence of a personal vote in an electoral system means that the person up for election matters, not just the candidate's party. Cain, Ferejohn, and Fiorina go so far as to refer to it as “relationships between the represented and representatives,” claiming that these relationships are more “personal, particularistic, and idiosyncratic than in other kinds of systems” (8, emphasis mine).

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Section: The Effect Of the Personal Vote On Women's Legislative Reprementioning

confidence: 99%

Electoral Institutions and the Manifestation of Bias: The Effect of the Personal Vote on the Representation of Women

Valdini

2013

Pol & Gen

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“…In the area of stereotype research, the study of gender stereotypes has held a prominent place; it is one of the most common and most studied group stereotypes (e.g., Diekman and Eagly 2000;Krueger et al 2003). Gender stereotypes are pervasive, widely shared, and have proved to be resistant to change (e.g., Heilman 2001).…”

Section: How Negative Campaigning Influences Views Of Men and Women Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bad for Men, Better for Women: The Impact of Stereotypes During Negative Campaigns

2008

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In this paper, we examine whether the impact of negative advertising on citizens' evaluations of candidates depends on the gender of the candidates. Given common gender stereotypes, we expect negative campaigning aimed at women candidates will affect citizens differently than negative campaigning against male candidates. The results of our study, derived from a survey experiment conducted on a nationwide sample of more than 700 citizens, demonstrate that negative commercials are less effective at depressing evaluations of woman candidates, compared to male candidates. The findings are consistent and strong, across a range of forces that people use to assess competing candidates (i.e., affect and trait evaluations, people's beliefs about issues, anticipated vote choice). The tight control of the experimental design, including randomization of respondents into different conditions that vary in only one way, demonstrates that the gender of the candidate influences people's reactions to different types of negative commercials.

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“…Several early studies revealed that gender stereotypes were consistently maintained and exceedingly conventional (Fernberger, 1948; Kirkpatrick, 1936; Sheriffs & McKee, 1957). Half a century later, findings suggest that gender stereotypes still are prevalent (e.g., Krueger, Hasman, Acevedo, & Villano, 2003; Sczesny, Spreemann, & Stahlberg, 2006). Gender stereotypes may extend virtually to all aspects of human life, from personality traits to occupations, and possibly even to body image and eating behaviors.…”

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confidence: 99%

It's Not Just a “Woman Thing:” The Current State of Normative Discontent

2011

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This study assessed “normative discontent,” the concept that most women experience weight dissatisfaction, as an emerging societal stereotype for women and men (Rodin, Silberstein, & Streigel-Moore, 1984). Participants (N = 472) completed measures of stereotypes, eating disorders, and body image. Normative discontent stereotypes were pervasive for women and men. Endorsing stereotypes varied by sex and participants’ own disturbance, with trends towards eating disorder symptomotology being positively correlated with stereotype endorsement. Individuals with higher levels of body image and eating disturbance may normalize their behavior by perceiving that most people share their experiences. Future research needs to test prevention and intervention strategies that incorporate the discrepancies between body image/eating-related stereotypes and reality with focus on preventing normalization of such experiences.

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Perceptions of Trait Typicality in Gender Stereotypes: Examining the Role of Attribution and Categorization Processes

Cited by 34 publications

References 41 publications

Electoral Institutions and the Manifestation of Bias: The Effect of the Personal Vote on the Representation of Women

Electoral Institutions and the Manifestation of Bias: The Effect of the Personal Vote on the Representation of Women

Bad for Men, Better for Women: The Impact of Stereotypes During Negative Campaigns

It's Not Just a “Woman Thing:” The Current State of Normative Discontent

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