Perceptive Risk Clusters of European Citizens and NPI Compliance in Face of the COVID-19 Pandemics

Bughin, Jacques; Cincera, Michele; Reykowska, Dorota; Żyszkiewicz, Marcin; Ohme, Rafał

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3749926

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Despite the voluntary nature of NPI adoption, respondents from our representative online quota sample reported high use of the 6 types of nondigital NPIs we measured in the 80% and above range. This is in remarkable contrast to the claimed 30%-40% noncompliance rates for use of NPIs in the United States and the European Union despite legal enforcement and significant penalties for noncompliance [ 5 , 6 ]. Moreover, trust in government—seen as a predictor of policy compliance in several studies—is low in Japan and does not predict the use of nondigital NPIs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Instead, the adoption of NPIs depended on voluntary citizen compliance with government guidelines, which was largely achieved, albeit with lower contract-tracing app use compared to other NPIs. This is in marked contrast to some other countries’ use of coercive and legal means to enforce lockdowns and other NPI adoption [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Perceived risk, fear, and knowledge of the disease might be a factor in NPI adoption [ 6 ]. For example, Pedersen and Favero’s [ 5 ] online survey of US residents found willingness to maintain social distance was predicted by perceived risk of the pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Influencing the Adoption of Voluntary Nonpharmaceutical Interventions to Control COVID-19 in Japan: Cross-sectional Study

Kuroki¹,

Yamamoto²,

Goldfinch³

2022

JMIR Form Res

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Background Trust in government is seen to facilitate crisis management and policy instrument adoption across numerous studies. However, in Japan, public support for government handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and trust in the government is low, yet the adoption of voluntary nondigital nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) is high. This is an important tension this study seeks to unravel. Objective The aim of this study is to understand the antecedents of nondigital NPI and tracking app adoption in the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Methods A commercial company was contracted to deliver an online survey of 1248 Japanese citizens in December 2020. A quota technique was used to deliver a sample representative in terms of gender, age, residence, income, and education. Results The adoption of voluntary nondigital NPIs is predicted by confidence in public health scientists and a favoring of infection control over reducing economic and social costs. A novel and unexpected finding is that trust in government does not predict nondigital NPI use. Perceived risk and knowledge of infection did not increase the use of nondigital NPIs. Education and income were not significant factors, although female and older respondents demonstrated greater compliance. For the adoption of a phone tracking app, trust in government is important, as is urban residence, albeit with a lower use of the app compared to nondigital NPIs. Conclusions Voluntary compliance in the adoption of nondigital NPIs—if skillfully led by trusted scientific experts and in accord with societal norms—can be effectively achieved. We provide evidence that trust in government is effective in encouraging the use of the Japanese tracking app. Moreover, the technical efficacy of digital initiatives and perceptions of such will unsurprisingly affect citizen support and use of digital tools.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Factors Influencing the Adoption of Voluntary Nonpharmaceutical Interventions to Control COVID-19 in Japan: Cross-sectional Study

Kuroki¹,

Yamamoto²,

Goldfinch³

2022

JMIR Form Res

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“…Second, we did not use an objective measure of adherence and vaccination readiness but self‐evaluation. Although self‐reports of adherence reflect real behaviour to a certain degree (Gollwitzer et al, 2020 ), they likely are biased by social expectations (Bughin et al, 2020 ). Additionally, we did not distinguish between different kinds of behaviours although not all behaviours to contain the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 are adopted to the same extent (Moussaoui et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

University students' adherence and vaccination attitudes during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Focusing on costs and benefits

Kulcar

Straganz

Kreh

et al. 2021

Applied Psych Health & Well

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Numerous measures were implemented to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic. Adhering to these measures as well as getting vaccinated is associated with subjective costs and benefits. Since young people like university students largely feel less vulnerable to the virus, other costs and benefits than health might be more decisive for them. This article combines the results of a qualitative and a quantitative longitudinal study conducted with university students mainly living in Tyrol, Austria. The studies focused on the second wave of infections of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Health concerns, altruistic concerns, worrying about the economic consequences of the measures and reactance played an important role for students in deciding what measures to follow and their vaccination attitudes. The effects were partially mediated by understanding the measures' necessity. Qualitative results enabled further insights into thought processes during these decisions and revealed additional aspects, such as concerns about mental health consequences. This research suggests that students make their decisions about adherence and vaccinations based on a variety of aspects that they weigh against each other. Understanding the individual assessments of costs and benefits is crucial to promote both adherence to the measures against the COVID‐19 pandemic and vaccination readiness.

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“…If the government bans gatherings of people, people trust the government and are afraid of getting infected in case of joining gatherings, people will follow orders and stay home. But if people are less socially oriented and/or risk takers, or even adhere to some kind of conspiracy theory and/or are following populist discourse, they will not trust the government and join gatherings as before-or even more so in order to exhibit their protest against "government arbitrariness" (Bughin et al, 2021) 10 . 9 This drop in consumption was met with a significant increase in aggregate households' net financial wealth.…”

Section: Inside Corona: the Motives Behind Behavior Changes And Their Persistencementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Voluntary and Involuntary Real Lab Situations on Personal Carbon Footprints of Private Households. Experiences From Germany

Reußwig

Bock

Schleer³

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain.

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This paper compares the carbon footprint effects of a voluntary real lab with those of the involuntary “real lab” provided by the lockdowns during the recent Corona crisis. In a voluntary real lab situation, 100 private households in Berlin (Germany) have tried to reduce their personal carbon footprints over 1 year (2018). The households have been equipped with a weekly carbon tracker, calculating their CO2e1 footprint in the domains housing energy, mobility on ground, air travel, food, other consumption, and public consumption. The households have been informed by various channels and supported by a network of “green” local enterprises and NGOs. It was also possible for them to make use of in-home energy advisors, identifying easy-to-accomplish saving potential. On average, the households managed to reduce their footprint by 11%, with individual savings of up to 40%. One of the major problems the households have been experiencing was refraining from air travel, e.g., by substituting it by train l. Others identified road safety as a major problem when switching from cars to bikes. With an annual reduction of 10%, carbon neutrality could be reached in or even before 2050. But political decisions are needed in order to change the collective boundary conditions. In 2020, Germany–as many other countries–has experienced a COVID-19 lockdown with substantial restrictions to all kinds of consumption activities (flying, international travel, consumption activities in the public etc.). This work compares the CO2 reduction effects of these two “real labs,” a voluntary and an imposed one, and ask what the relative quantitative effects are. Following that comparison, it reflect upon the similarities and differences of voluntary and imposed situations, and what there can be learned for the implementation of policies for more sustainable production and consumption patterns.

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Perceptive Risk Clusters of European Citizens and NPI Compliance in Face of the COVID-19 Pandemics

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Factors Influencing the Adoption of Voluntary Nonpharmaceutical Interventions to Control COVID-19 in Japan: Cross-sectional Study

Factors Influencing the Adoption of Voluntary Nonpharmaceutical Interventions to Control COVID-19 in Japan: Cross-sectional Study

University students' adherence and vaccination attitudes during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Focusing on costs and benefits

Effects of Voluntary and Involuntary Real Lab Situations on Personal Carbon Footprints of Private Households. Experiences From Germany

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