Perceptual analysis of directional late reverberation

Alary, Benoit; Massé, Pierre; Schlecht, Sebastian J.; Noisternig, Markus; Välimäki, Vesa

doi:10.1121/10.0004770

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In rooms, diffuse reverberation typically dominates the after the third reflection order (Kuttruff, 1995). Depending on room geometry and the spatial distribution of sound absorption at room boundaries, the resulting late reverberation can be considered approximately spherically isotropic (Hodgson, 1996) or anisotropic when containing limited spatial directivity (Alary et al, 2019a; Lachenmayr et al, 2016; Luizard et al, 2015; Romblom et al, 2016). For simplicity, cases with a spatially highly uniform incidence of late reverberation are assumed to approximate properties of a diffuse sound field and are referred to as isotropic here, although the reverberant sound field does not become isotropic in a strict sense (Polack, 1993; Jeong, 2016; Nolan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Resolution of Late Reverberation in Virtual Acoustic Environments

et al. 2021

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Late reverberation involves the superposition of many sound reflections, approaching the properties of a diffuse sound field. Since the spatially resolved perception of individual late reflections is impossible, simplifications can potentially be made for modelling late reverberation in room acoustics simulations with reduced spatial resolution. Such simplifications are desired for interactive, real-time virtual acoustic environments with applications in hearing research and for the evaluation of hearing supportive devices. In this context, the number and spatial arrangement of loudspeakers used for playback additionally affect spatial resolution. The current study assessed the minimum number of spatially evenly distributed virtual late reverberation sources required to perceptually approximate spatially highly resolved isotropic and anisotropic late reverberation and to technically approximate a spherically isotropic sound field. The spatial resolution of the rendering was systematically reduced by using subsets of the loudspeakers of an 86-channel spherical loudspeaker array in an anechoic chamber, onto which virtual reverberation sources were mapped using vector base amplitude panning. It was tested whether listeners can distinguish lower spatial resolutions of reproduction of late reverberation from the highest achievable spatial resolution in different simulated rooms. The rendering of early reflections remained unchanged. The coherence of the sound field across a pair of microphones at ear and behind-the-ear hearing device distance was assessed to separate the effects of number of virtual sources and loudspeaker array geometry. Results show that between 12 and 24 reverberation sources are required for the rendering of late reverberation in virtual acoustic environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Resolution of Late Reverberation in Virtual Acoustic Environments

et al. 2021

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“…Is the highest degree of envelopment elicited by a stationary and isotropically diffuse sound field, or by a sound field that exhibits audible spatio-temporal fluctuations / modulations? These questions are relevant in the technical design and creative application of artificial reverberators [19,20,21,22,23], spatial sound synthesis techniques [3,24,25], and spatial upmixing algorithms [26,27].…”

Section: This Motivates the Following Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual evaluation of listener envelopment using spatial granular synthesis

Riedel¹,

Frank²,

Zotter³

2023

Preprint

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Listener envelopment refers to the sensation of being surrounded by sound, either by multiple direct sound events or by a diffuse reverberant sound field. More recently, a specific attribute for the sensation of being covered by sound from elevated directions has been proposed by Sazdov et al. and was termed listener engulfment. This contribution investigates the effect of the temporal and directional density of sound events on listener envelopment and engulfment. A spatial granular synthesis technique is used to precisely control the temporal and directional density of sound events. Experimental results indicate that a directionally uniform distribution of sound events at time intervals ∆t < 20 milliseconds is required to elicit a sensation of diffuse envelopment, whereas longer time intervals lead to localized auditory events. It shows that elevated loudspeaker layers do not increase envelopment, but contribute specifically to listener engulfment. Lowpass-filtered stimuli increase envelopment, but lead to a decreased control over engulfment. The results can be exploited in the technical design and creative application of spatial sound synthesis and reverberation algorithms.

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“…In a coherence-based estimation of the mixing time, the moving short-time interaural cross-correlation STIACC can be helpful. However, Alary et al (2021) analyzed spatial room impulse responses (SIR) recorded with a 32-channel spherical microphone array. They determined a mixing time defined by a stable minimum of coherence and showed that after this mixing time, still directional components can be found in the reverberation of the considered concert halls.…”

Section: Required Accuracy Of Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Matching of Room Acoustics for Auditory Augmented Reality in Small Rooms - Literature Review and Theoretical Framework

2022

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For the realization of auditory augmented reality (AAR), it is important that the room acoustical properties of the virtual elements are perceived in agreement with the acoustics of the actual environment. This perceptual matching of room acoustics is the subject reviewed in this paper. Realizations of AAR that fulfill the listeners’ expectations were achieved based on pre-characterization of the room acoustics, for example, by measuring acoustic impulse responses or creating detailed room models for acoustic simulations. For future applications, the goal is to realize an online adaptation in (close to) real-time. Perfect physical matching is hard to achieve with these practical constraints. For this reason, an understanding of the essential psychoacoustic cues is of interest and will help to explore options for simplifications. This paper reviews a broad selection of previous studies and derives a theoretical framework to examine possibilities for psychoacoustical optimization of room acoustical matching.

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Perceptual analysis of directional late reverberation

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Spatial Resolution of Late Reverberation in Virtual Acoustic Environments

Spatial Resolution of Late Reverberation in Virtual Acoustic Environments

Perceptual evaluation of listener envelopment using spatial granular synthesis

Perceptual Matching of Room Acoustics for Auditory Augmented Reality in Small Rooms - Literature Review and Theoretical Framework

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