“Perceptual Scotomas”

New, Joshua; Scholl, Brian J.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02139.x

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Instead, MIB could be caused by a combination of low level mechanisms that trigger disappearance (such as adaptation [13], filling-in [14] and motion streak suppression [15]) with higher-level perceptual interpretation mechanisms that discard functionally inappropriate stimuli (such as depth ordering and surface completion [16]), or interpret transient activity changes as evidence for disappearance. Indirect physiological evidence was found for such a scheme [17] and for a related functional account of MIB [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion-Induced Blindness and Troxler Fading: Common and Different Mechanisms

et al. 2014

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Extended stabilization of gaze leads to disappearance of dim visual targets presented peripherally. This phenomenon, known as Troxler fading, is thought to result from neuronal adaptation. Intense targets also disappear intermittently when surrounded by a moving pattern (the “mask”), a phenomenon known as motion-induced blindness (MIB). The similar phenomenology and dynamics of these disappearances may suggest that also MIB is, likewise, solely due to adaptation, which may be amplified by the presence of the mask. Here we directly compared the dependence of both phenomena on target contrast. Observers reported the disappearance and reappearance of a target of varying intensity (contrast levels: 8%–80%). MIB was induced by adding a mask that moved at one of various different speeds. The results revealed a lawful effect of contrast in both MIB and Troxler fading, but with opposite trends. Increasing target contrast increased (doubled) the rate of disappearance events for MIB, but decreased the disappearance rate to half in Troxler fading. The target mean invisible period decreased equally strongly with target contrast in MIB and in Troxler fading. The results suggest that both MIB and Troxler are equally affected by contrast adaptation, but that the rate of MIB is governed by an additional mechanism, possibly involving antagonistic processes between neuronal populations processing target and mask. Our results link MIB to other bi-stable visual phenomena that involve neuronal competition (such as binocular rivalry), which exhibit an analogous dependency on the strength of the competing stimulus components.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion-Induced Blindness and Troxler Fading: Common and Different Mechanisms

et al. 2014

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“…2 observers were authors (KD and JP); the other 6 were naïve to the purpose of the experiment. Our aim was to recruit and test a sample size that matches typical MIB studies, where sample sizes range between 4 and 10 subjects 1 11 12 13 14 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion-induced blindness continues outside visual awareness and without attention

Dieter

Tadin

Pearson

2015

Sci Rep

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Visual phenomena demonstrating striking perceptual disappearances of salient stimuli have fascinated researchers because of their utility in identifying neural processes that underlie subjective visibility and invisibility. Motion-induced blindness (MIB) is appealing for such purposes because it, like a class of ostensibly related paradigms such as binocular rivalry, features periods of unequivocal subjective disappearances despite constant physical stimulation. It remains unclear, however, exactly how the mechanisms that cause MIB are related to subjectively observed fluctuations in visual awareness. To address this question, we used continuous flash suppression (CFS) to present the MIB stimulus outside visual awareness. Results indicated that MIB occasionally reappeared from suppression with its salient yellow target absent. To quantify this observation, we measured reaction times (RTs) to detect the yellow dot target following visible or perceptually suppressed MIB and indeed found no difference in RTs between these conditions. We also provide evidence that MIB fluctuations can occur without attention. In sum, these experiments indicate that MIB fluctuations are effectively changes in stimulus strength, which under typical conditions result in unmistakable subjective disappearances, but are not inherently fluctuations in stimulus visibility. More broadly, these results challenge the assumed privileged link between bistable stimuli and visual awareness.

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“…A similar functional explanation was put forward regarding the fading effect that involves motion (Motion-Induced-Blindness, MIB). New and Scholl (2008) proposed that a lack of change in a small area in the visual field during surround motion is treated by the visual system as an artifact of damage, a scotoma, and thus discounted. However, while in the case of MIB or classical scotoma, the stimulus is discounted and space preserved and filled-in, we propose here that space itself has to go.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion-Induced Scotoma

et al. 2019

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We investigated artificial scotomas created when a moving object instantaneously crossed a gap, jumping ahead and continuing its otherwise smooth motion. Gaps of up to 5.1 degrees of visual angle, presented at 18º eccentricity, either closed completely or appeared much shorter than when the same gap was crossed by two-point apparent motion, or crossed more slowly, mimicking occlusion. Prolonged exposure to motion trajectories with a gap in most cases led to further shrinking of the gap. The same gapshrinking effect has been observed in touch (Seizova-Cajic & Taylor, 2014). In both sensory modalities, it implicates facilitation among co-directional local motion detectors and motion neurons with receptive fields larger than the gap. Unlike stimuli that simply deprive a receptor surface of input, suggesting it is insentient, our motion pattern skips a section in a manner that suggests a portion of the receptor surface has been excised and the remaining portions stitched back together. This makes it a potentially useful tool in the experimental study of plasticity in sensory maps.

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“Perceptual Scotomas”

Cited by 36 publications

References 28 publications

Motion-Induced Blindness and Troxler Fading: Common and Different Mechanisms

Motion-Induced Blindness and Troxler Fading: Common and Different Mechanisms

Motion-induced blindness continues outside visual awareness and without attention

Motion-Induced Scotoma

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