Percutaneous permeability of 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, a preservative in cosmetics

Lee, Jung Dae; Kim, Jiyoung; Jang, Hyun Jun; Lee, Byung‐Mu; Kim, Kyu‐Bong

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.01.002

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Tests employing diffusion cells represent the gold standard in the evaluation of TDDS, with Franz diffusion cells being the most common used setup (Fig. 4 ) [ 84 , 85 ]. This technique determines important relationships among the skin, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and the nature of the formulation.…”

Section: Methods For Characterizing Tddsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery systems: a review

et al. 2021

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Various non-invasive administrations have recently emerged as an alternative to conventional needle injections. A transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) represents the most attractive method among these because of its low rejection rate, excellent ease of administration, and superb convenience and persistence among patients. TDDS could be applicable in not only pharmaceuticals but also in the skin care industry, including cosmetics. Because this method mainly involves local administration, it can prevent local buildup in drug concentration and nonspecific delivery to tissues not targeted by the drug. However, the physicochemical properties of the skin translate to multiple obstacles and restrictions in transdermal delivery, with numerous investigations conducted to overcome these bottlenecks. In this review, we describe the different types of available TDDS methods, along with a critical discussion of the specific advantages and disadvantages, characterization methods, and potential of each method. Progress in research on these alternative methods has established the high efficiency inherent to TDDS, which is expected to find applications in a wide range of fields.

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Section: Methods For Characterizing Tddsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery systems: a review

et al. 2021

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“…In the specific case of preservatives, the European Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non‐Food Products (SCCNFP), currently known as SCCS proposed the calculation of a global daily exposure value for all cosmetic products that one person may apply daily on the skin (SCCNFP/0321/00). Taking into account the latest exposure values and considering the worst‐case scenario in which the consumer would use a set of cosmetic products containing the same preservative, an aggregate value of 17.4 g/day or 269 mg/kg bw/day will have to be used in the calculation of the MoS (Lee et al, 2019; SCCNFP, 2000; SCCS, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedure is subdivided into four parts: (1) hazard identification, which is carried out to identify the intrinsic toxicological properties of the substance, that is, whether it has the potential to damage human health; (2) exposure assessment, which refers to the amount and frequency of human exposure to a certain substance (including specific groups at potential risk, e.g., children and pregnant women); (3) dose–response assessment, with the evaluation of the relationship between exposure and a toxic response; and (4) risk characterization. The WoE approach has been used to describe the whole assessment process, from assembling available studies to evaluating, interpreting, and integrating the whole body of evidence to reach conclusions (Ågerstrand & Beronius, 2016; Lee et al, 2019; SCCS, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated approaches to testing and assessment as a tool for the hazard assessment and risk characterization of cosmetic preservatives

Canavez

Corrêa

Isaac

et al. 2021

J of Applied Toxicology

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The safety assessment of cosmetic products is based on the safety of the ingredients, which requires information on chemical structures, toxicological profiles, and exposure data. Approximately 6% of the population is sensitized to cosmetic ingredients, especially preservatives and fragrances. In this context, the aim of this study was to perform a hazard assessment and risk characterization of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), benzyl alcohol (BA), caprylyl glycol (CG), ethylhexylglycerin (EG), chlorphenesin (CP), dehydroacetic acid (DHA), sodium dehydroacetate (SDH), iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MIT), methylisothiazolinone (MIT), phenoxyethanol (PE), potassium sorbate (PS), and sodium benzoate (SB). Considering the integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) and weight of evidence (WoE) as a decision tree, based on published safety reports. The hazard assessment was composed of a toxicological matrix correlating the toxicity level, defined as low (L), moderate (M), or high (H) and local or systemic exposure, considering the endpoints of skin sensitization, skin irritation, eye irritation, phototoxicity, acute oral toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity/genotoxicity, and endocrine activity. In a risk assessment approach, most preservatives had a margin of safety (MoS) above 100, except for DHA, SDH, and EG, considering the worst‐case scenario (100% dermal absorption). However, isolated data do not set up a safety assessment. It is necessary to carry out a rational risk characterization considering hazard and exposure assessment to estimate the level of risk of an adverse health outcome, based on the concentration in a product, frequency of use, type of product, route of exposure, body surface location, and target population.

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“…The dermal absorption rate is crucial for the risk assessment of cosmetics majorly absorbed through the skin [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] Several factors affect dermal absorption, such as donor characteristics, including gender [ 9 ], disease [ 10 ], age [ 11 ], race [ 12 ], vehicle [ 13 ], test substances (physicochemical properties, particle size) [ 14 , 15 ], skin condition [ 16 ], hydration [ 17 ], pH [ 18 ], stress [ 19 ], and physical or chemical damage [ 20 ], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Application Amounts on In Vitro Dermal Absorption Test Using Caffeine and Testosterone

Kim

Lee

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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Dermal absorption of chemicals is a key factor in risk assessment. This study investigated the effects of different amounts of application on dermal absorption and suggested an appropriate application dose for proper dermal absorption. Caffeine and testosterone were chosen as test compounds. An in vitro dermal absorption test was performed using a Franz diffusion cell. Different amounts (5, 10, 25, and 50 mg (or µL)/cm2) of semisolid (cream) and liquid (solution) formulations containing 1% caffeine and 0.1% testosterone were applied to rat and minipig (Micropig®) skins. After 24 h, the concentrations of both compounds remaining on the skin surface and in the stratum corneum, dermis and epidermis, and receptor fluid were determined using LC-MS / MS or HPLC. Dermal absorption of both compounds decreased with increasing amounts of application in both skin types (rat and minipig) and formulations (cream and solution). Especially, dermal absorptions (%) of both compounds at 50 mg (or µL)/cm2 was significantly lower compared to 5 or 10 mg (or µL)/cm2 in both rat and minipig skins. Therefore, a low dose (5 or 10 mg (or µL)/cm2) of the formulation should be applied to obtain conservative dermal absorption.

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Percutaneous permeability of 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, a preservative in cosmetics

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery systems: a review

Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery systems: a review

Integrated approaches to testing and assessment as a tool for the hazard assessment and risk characterization of cosmetic preservatives

Effect of Application Amounts on In Vitro Dermal Absorption Test Using Caffeine and Testosterone

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