Percutaneous sclerotherapy with ethanolamine oleate for venous malformations of the head and neck

Abstract

Percutaneous sclerotherapy with ethanolamine oleate appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of venous malformations and should be considered when treating these complex lesions. The efficacy of this agent appears to match or exceed that of other sclerosants used for such treatment, and further investigation in prospective controlled research is warranted.

Extensive arteriovenous malformation in the face of a pediatric patient – Case report

“…Generally it is a safe procedure and well tolerated by patients. 23 In the case described on this paper, the patient had no complications at any time, which allowed us to give the same dose that was chosen with the hematology team and also made us confident about choosing the frequency of applications found in the literature.…”

Guidelines and parameters: percutaneous sclerotherapy for the treatment of head and neck venous and lymphatic malformations

“…Swelling, discomfort, and overlying skin erythema are expected side effects following percutaneous sclerotherapy, and these side effects should not be considered true complications. Mild complications, such as skin discoloration or ulceration, and transient complications, such as hemolytic hemoglobinuria, occur in 10–12% of patients in most series, although these complications have been reported in up to 50% of patients with the use of absolute ethanol 15–17 33 41 50 51 53 55 56. Skin discoloration in areas of adhesive tape attachment has been reported in patients treated with bleomycin, and care should be undertaken to avoid adhesive tape for eyelid closure or endotracheal tube stabilization in patients being treated with this agent 41 58.…”

“…Skin discoloration in areas of adhesive tape attachment has been reported in patients treated with bleomycin, and care should be undertaken to avoid adhesive tape for eyelid closure or endotracheal tube stabilization in patients being treated with this agent 41 58. Overall, the risk of a significant complication such as nerve injury, skin/soft tissue necrosis, pulmonary vasospasm, cardiac arrhythmia, or cardiopulmonary collapse is on the order of 0–3% 32 41 50 55 56 64 65. Of note, absolute ethanol was the sclerosing agent used in nearly all series reporting these more severe complications.…”

“…Patients should be followed clinically after their treatment, and 75–95% of patients demonstrate clinical improvement within 8 weeks of treatment 17 32 41 50 53 55 56. Many patients will require additional sclerotherapy treatments, and the average number of treatment sessions per patient is 2–4 depending on the agent used 8 32 33 41 50 53 55 56.…”

“…Many patients will require additional sclerotherapy treatments, and the average number of treatment sessions per patient is 2–4 depending on the agent used 8 32 33 41 50 53 55 56. The optimal time between treatment sessions has not been well defined in the literature, but most studies suggest 1–3 months between sessions 30 33 63.…”