Perencanaan Lanskap Konservasi Budaya Suku Baduy Luar dan Dangka dengan Pendekatan Bioregion

Abstract

The Baduy Tribe is a community which preserves their own culture, tradition, and believe. The Baduy Tribe has suffered some external influence towards their culture, especially effecting the Outter Baduy and Dangka community which functions as buffer for the Inner Baduy region. The general purpose of this research is to plan a cultural conservation landscape for the Outter Baduy and Dangka Tribe base on bioregion approach. Bioregion constitutes the geographical area, which its delineation is not determine by administrative or political boundaries, instead its limited by the culture domain and the nature boundaries. The research consists of: preparation, preliminary study, analysis, synthesis, and planning. Analysis is done to determine the bioregion units. Evaluation was done by matching the bioregion characteristic of Inner Baduy with bioregion characteristic of Outter Baduy and Dangka. The evaluation result was utilise the to develop a concept to lead in the landscape planning to be developed. The bioregional based of planning concept has a purpose to improve the quality of life by combining nature as a resource and human need, through optimalization the environment sustainable. The final result is arranged as landscape planning for cultural landscape conservation of The Outter Baduy and Dangka Tribe. PendahuluanKehidupan masyarakat Baduy berorientasi pada alam, sehingga budaya yang berkembang dalam masyarakat sangat berhubungan dengan kondisi alam. Secara umum masyarakat Baduy dibagi menjadi tiga bagian yaitu tangtu, panamping, dangka. Tangtu dan panamping berada pada wilayah Desa Kanekes, sedangkan dangka ada yang berada di dalam dan di luar Desa Kanekes.Suku Baduy telah mengalami pengaruh budaya dari luar, terutama pada Masyarakat Baduy Luar dan Dangka. Perubahan ini dapat dilihat dari bentuk pemanfaatan alam seperti hutan dan sungai. Perubahan pola penggunaan lahan merupakan ancaman bagi kelestarian budaya Suku Baduy. Padahal ketiga suku Baduy ini merupakan satu kesatuan wilayah adat, jika salah satu wilayah terancam, maka keseluruhan Baduy akan terancam juga. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya untuk mengkonservasi baik secara biofisik maupun budaya secara simultan. Bentuk perencanaan lanskap konservasi budaya Suku Baduy Luar dan Dangka dengan pendekatan bioregion dapat mengakomodasi kepentingan tersebut.

Konservasi sebagai landasan perencanaan lansekap berbasis tempat pada masyarakat Baduy Dalam di Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten

“…Sedangkan data curah hujan menunjukkan rata-rata curah hujan bulanan di Desa Baduy sebesar 171,1 mm dan tergolong dalam kategori sedang. Dengan curah hujan sebesar itu, rata-rata kelembaban udara di Desa Baduy mencapai 81% dengan kelembaban terendah terjadi pada bulan Agustus dan September sebesar 76% dan kelembaban tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Februari sebesar 85% (Pratami dan Pramukanto, 2017). Berdasarkan data Badan Pengelola Daerah Aliran Sungai dan Hutan Lindung (BPDAS) Ciliwung-Cisadane, Kabupaten Lebak terdiri dari 65 DAS dan wilayah Baduy Dalam terletak di DAS Ciujung.…”

Place-Based Approach to Landscape Planning for Conservation of the Baduy Dalam Cultural Landscape

“…Based on the geological map, it was known that the landforms (physiography) in the Leuwidamar sub-district are derived from quarterly volcanic deposits with mostly formed by Baduy formations, Cimapag formations, Endut Volcano rocks, claystone, and Citorek tuff in the form of mountainous land in the Bayah Mountains zone. These rock types are known to form by sand, silt, mud, and crop residue [3]. Meanwhile, the Regional Development Planning Agency of Leuwidamar (Bappeda) states the soil type of the Baduy Village is Latosol.…”

“…While the rainfall data shows the average monthly rainfall in Baduy Village is 171.1 mm and classify as a medium category. With such rainfall, the average humidity of Baduy Village reaches 81% with the lowest humidity occurring in August and September at 76% and the highest humidity occurring in February at 85% [3]. Based on data from Watershed and Protected Forest Management Agency (BPDAS) CiLiwung-CiSadane, Lebak Regency consists of 65 Watersheds and the Baduy Dalam area located in Ciujung watershed.…”

“…Moreover, each different land use/cover has its own type of vegetation. Every vegetation found in the Baduy area have ethobotanical functions and specific benefits for people's lives [3]. There were 41 species of vegetation and their utilization type which were gathered through a literature study.…”

“…The traditional knowledge was transferred and performed as oral narrative, such as proverbs, rhymes, prose, folklore, myths, legends, and folksong. Those narative culture were used as guidelines for the daily life of the Baduy community [3].…”