Perfilando los consumidores de cannabis que autocultivan a pequeña escala

Abstract

Resumen: El cannabis es la sustancia ilícita más consumida a nivel mundial, con una prevalencia estimada entre el 2.8 y el 5.0% de la población adulta. El auge del consumo de cannabis ha llevado a un aumento en el cultivo para el propio consumo. Como consecuencia, nos planteamos un estudio de campo con el objetivo de contrastar si consumidores con y sin autocultivo se diferencian en el perfil sociodemográfico, patrones de consumo, riesgo de consumo problemático, dependencia, y síntomas y trastornos asociados. Para ello, 761 consumidores de cannabis, 480 hombres y 281 mujeres, de los cuales 251 autocultivaban para su consumo (182 hombres y 69 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 60 años (M = 26.36, DT = 5.68), respondieron a un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de patrones de consumo, a escalas de medida del consumo problemático de cannabis, dependencia del cannabis, abuso del cannabis, y de dependencia de la nicotina y del alcohol. Los resultados mostraron que el autocultivo es característico mayoritariamente de los varones, con bajo nivel académico y laboralmente activos. Asimismo, la práctica del autocultivo se relaciona con un mayor consumo de cannabis, una mayor implicación en la venta ilegal del producto, policonsumo y con problemáticas psicosociales derivadas de dicho consumo. Adicionalmente, los que autocultivan informan de mayores niveles de dependencia y de riesgo de consumo problemático de cannabis. Se discuten las implicaciones para la prevención y tratamiento de los trastornos por consumo de cannabis. Palabras clave: autocultivo; cannabis; consumo; dependencia; consumo problemático.Title: Profiling small scale domestic grower cannabis users. Abstract: Cannabis is the most widely used worldwide drug with prevalence between 2.8 and 5.0% of the adult population. Increasing use of cannabis has carried out to an escalation in home growing for selfconsumption. As a consequence, a field study to contrast if the domestic cannabis growers exhibited a different sociodemographic profile, a consumption pattern, a problematic use risk, dependence level, as well as on the clinical symptoms and related disorders, was designed. As for this, 761 cannabis users, 480 males and 281 females, of whom 251 were homegrowers for personal use (182 males and 69 females), with ages ranging from 18 to 60 years (M = 26.36, SD = 5.68), answered to a sociodemohgraphic and consumption pattern questionnaire, and to cannabis problematic use, cannabis dependence, cannabis abuse, and nicotine and alcohol dependence scales. The results showed that homegrowers are mostly males, with low academic training and working. Moreover, homegrowers have a higher cannabis consumption rates, are more implied in cannabis selling, polysubstance use, and with more psychosocial problem driven from cannabis use. Finally, homegrowers inform of higher problematic cannabis use and a higher level of cannabis dependence. The implications of the results for prevention police, and treatment of the cannabis use disorder are discussed. Key words: homegrow...

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