Perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB) as a vitreous substitute in non-human primates

Abstract

We evaluated the toxicity of perfluorooctylbromide in the primate eye as a short-term postoperative vitreous substitute. Four eyes of 4 African green monkeys underwent complete vitrectomy and vitreous replacement with 1.5-2.0 ml of PFOB. One additional animal received BSS as a control vitreous substitute in one eye. Animals were examined twice weekly for clarity and consistency of the vitreous replacement substance. Anterior segment and lenses remained clear in all eyes, although in the immediate postoperative period one eye became inflamed and had a culture-negative vitritis. The other eyes showed a minimal anticipated postoperative vitreous inflammation. Emulsification of the PFOB began within 3 days of injection and progressed up to 3 weeks, precluding fundus examination and fluorescein angiography after 2 weeks. Eyes were enucleated and light microscopy performed at 2 days, 10 days, 33 days, and 45 days. No toxic effects to the retinal cells were detectable by histological examination, but perivasculitis of retinal vessels was noted at 45 days. Indirect examination was normal up to 10 days; thereafter, the fundus view was obscured by the emulsified PFOB. Because of cellular migration into the vitreous cavity and retinal perivasculitis, observed histologically, PFOB seems most suitable for intraoperative rather than postoperative use.

Towards an ideal biomaterial for vitreous replacement: Historical overview and future trends

“…for instance, no morphological changes in the retina were observed in animal models by using pigs [113] and monkeys [114]. There have been some case reports in which retinal damage has been attributed to intravitreal [115][116][117] or sub-retinal retention [118][119][120][121] of PFCLs both in animal models and in humans.…”

New substances for intraocular tamponades: perfluorocarbon liquids, hydrofluorocarbon liquids and hydrofluorocarbon-oligomers in vitreoretinal surgery

“…Since perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCLs) were first introduced into vitreoretinal surgery by Haidt and Clark [21] and Chang et al [8,9,10], they have been used increasingly and successfully as intraoperative soft tools for manipulation and reapposition of the retina [4,7,11,37]. However long-term intraocular tolerance of PFCLs is still unsatisfactory, so that at present complete removal at the end of surgery is recommended [2,3,6,7,14,46,47].…”

Terms of Use of Perfluoroorganic Compounds for Intraocular Tamponade after Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

“…Lee описал клинический случай атрофии пигментного эпителия при нахождении перфтордекалина субретинально в макулярной области и доказал, что токсический эффект ПФОС ярко проявляется при его попадании под сетчатку [8]. Тогда же, в конце XX века, многочисленные эксперименты на животных показали, что тампонада витреальной полости ПФОС в течение 7 дней может спровоцировать воспалительную реакцию в переднем и заднем отделах глаза [9][10][11][12][13][14]. В продолжении исследования S. Chang сообщил, что токсический эффект уступает по силе воздействия механическому, а изменения, связанные с механическим воздействием на сетчатку, были аналогичны изменениям при силиконовой тампонаде [15].…”