“…The authors in [29] show how the D2D can be implemented in 3GPP LTEAdvanced networks in details. The advantages of the D2D communications underlaying cellular radio networks are as follows: reducing the minimum co-channel reuse distances within the same cell and thus improving spectral efficiency in terms of [b/Hz/km2] (see, e.g., [40], [41], [52]), reduction of transmit power requirements, and thus improving battery life, e.g., [2], [5]- [8], [10], [16], [27], [39], [43], providing more efficient radio resource use because D2D communications requires only half the amount of resources compared to communication through the BS (e.g., [5], [7], [10]- [13]), reducing the interference in the cellular network e.g., [2], [4], [7], [19], providing infrastructure off-loading (i.e., reduces the loading of the network) in enterprise, campus, stadium, metro, shopping malls, airports, home environments, etc. [3], [32], [33], increasing the bit rate compared to cellular link due to enhanced channel characteristics ( [5], [12]), increasing communication throughput of D2D as compared to the cellular transmission (e.g., [2], [32], [39], [40], [42]), increasing network efficiency and thus supporting more services, including today's "hot" social networking applications like facebook, youtube or myspace [26], improving network performance in shadow fading [7], [9], improving performance of delay-sensitive applications [12], [32], bringing the mobile operator some further revenue [2]…”