Performance analysis of FSO communications under LOS blockage

Garrido-Balsells, José María; López‐Martínez, F. Javier; Castillo-Vázquez, Miguel; Jurado-Navas, Antonio; Puerta-Notario, Antonio

doi:10.1364/oe.25.025278

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…They modeled the intensity fading due to turbulence using the Malaga distribution and derived a closed-form expression for the outage probability (OP). Their results showed a strong dependency of the LOS impact to the OP on the turbulence strength [5]. In [6], the scintillation effect has been modeled by the Gamma-Gamma and the I-K distribution to study the time dispersion and atmospheric turbulence in the performance of an FSO link and closed-form mathematical expressions for the evaluation of the link's fade probability derived.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RSSI Probability Density Functions Comparison Using Jensen-Shannon Divergence and Pearson Distribution

et al. 2021

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The performance of a free-space optical (FSO) communications link suffers from the deleterious effects of weather conditions and atmospheric turbulence. In order to better estimate the reliability and availability of an FSO link, a suitable distribution needs to be employed. The accuracy of this model depends strongly on the atmospheric turbulence strength which causes the scintillation effect. To this end, a variety of probability density functions were utilized to model the optical channel according to the strength of the refractive index structure parameter. Although many theoretical models have shown satisfactory performance, in reality they can significantly differ. This work employs an information theoretic method, namely the so-called Jensen–Shannon divergence, a symmetrization of the Kullback–Leibler divergence, to measure the similarity between different probability distributions. In doing so, a large experimental dataset of received signal strength measurements from a real FSO link is utilized. Additionally, the Pearson family of continuous probability distributions is also employed to determine the best fit according to the mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis of the modeled data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RSSI Probability Density Functions Comparison Using Jensen-Shannon Divergence and Pearson Distribution

et al. 2021

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“…In the next sections, we describe the underlying distribution that model those RVs. Finally, we define the signal to noise ratio as [ 41 ]:

where

represents the average transmit power.…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of a Vertical FSO Link with Energy Harvesting Strategy

Álvarez-Roa

Martín-Vega

et al. 2022

Sensors

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In this paper we investigate the application of free space optical (FSO) communications, energy harvesting, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as key technology enablers of a cost-efficient backhaul/fronthaul framework for 5G and beyond (5G+) networks. This novel approach is motivated by several facts. First, the UAVs, acting as relay nodes, represent an easy-to-deploy and adaptive network that can provide line-of-sight between the base stations and the gateways connected to the core network. Second, FSO communications offer high data rates between the UAVs and the network nodes, while avoiding any potential interference with the 5G radio access networks. Third, energy harvesting in the optical domain has the potential to extend the UAVs’ battery life. Nevertheless, the presence of atmospheric turbulence, atmospheric attenuation, and pointing errors in the FSO links severely degrades their performance. For this reason an accurate yet tractable modelling framework is required to fully understand whether an UAV-FSO backhaul/fronthaul network with energy harvesting can be applied. To this end, we consider a composite channel attenuation model that includes the effect of turbulence fading, pointing errors, and atmospheric attenuation. Using this model, we derive analytical closed-form expressions of the average harvested energy as a function of the FSO link parameters. These expressions can be used to improve energy harvesting efficiency in FSO link design. We have applied our proposed expressions to evaluate the energy harvested in vertical FSO links for a variety of real scenarios under a modified on-off keying (OOK) scheme optimized for energy harvesting. From the simulations carried out in this paper, we demonstrate that significant values of harvested energy can be obtained. Such performance enhancement can complement the existing deployment charging stations.

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“…In order to calculate the impact of atmospheric turbulence on the n-th received signal, the Málaga (M) distribution has been employed, which is described by the following probability density function (PDF) [12,13,32,33]:…”

Section: Turbulence Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time and Spatial Jitter Influence on the Performance of FSO Links with DF Relays and OC Diversity Over Turbulence Channels

et al. 2021

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FSO communication is a viral technology among optical wireless communications, gathering the interest of both researchers and manufacturers. This is because of the many advantages associated with FSO communication, including high data rates, reliability, safety, and economy. However, there are several unavoidable drawbacks that shadow the performance of FSO systems. For example, atmospheric turbulence is a well-known problem related to the weather conditions of the channel, which causes the scintillation effect. Also, spatial jitter due to pointing errors is a critical factor of the link’s performance, caused by occasional misalignments between the transmitter and the receiver. Moreover, time jitter is another limiting agent that deteriorates the total throughput, inducing bit stream misdetections, caused by the arrival of out-of-sync pulses. All three effects have been exhaustively studied and many statistical models and interesting solutions have been proposed in the literature to estimate their magnitude and compensate for their impact. In this work, the turbulence effect was treated by Málaga distribution, the spatial jitter effect was regulated by the non-zero boresight model, and the time jitter effect was modeled by the generalized Gaussian distribution. Various modulation schemes were studied, along with DF multi-hop and optimal combining diversity techniques at the receiver’s end. New, accurate mathematical expressions of average BER performance have been obtained, and valuable conclusions were drawn thanks to the presented numerical results.

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Performance analysis of FSO communications under LOS blockage

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

RSSI Probability Density Functions Comparison Using Jensen-Shannon Divergence and Pearson Distribution

RSSI Probability Density Functions Comparison Using Jensen-Shannon Divergence and Pearson Distribution

Performance Analysis of a Vertical FSO Link with Energy Harvesting Strategy

Time and Spatial Jitter Influence on the Performance of FSO Links with DF Relays and OC Diversity Over Turbulence Channels

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