Performance Analysis of Slotted Carrier Sense IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Layer

Abstract

Advances in low-power and low-cost sensor networks have led to solutions mature enough for use in a broad range of applications varying from health monitoring to building surveillance. The development of those applications has been stimulated by the finalization of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which defines the medium access control (MAC) and physical layer for sensor networks. One of the MAC schemes proposed is slotted Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), and this paper analyzes whether this scheme meets the design constraints of those low-power and low-cost sensor networks. The paper provides a detailed analytical evaluation of its performance in a star topology network, for uplink and acknowledged uplink traffic. Both saturated and unsaturated periodic traffic scenarios are considered. The form of the analysis is similar to that of Bianchi for IEEE 802.11 DCF only in the use of a per user Markov model to capture the state of each user at each moment in time. The key assumptions to enable this important simplification and the coupling of the per user Markov models are however different, as a result of the very different designs of the 802.15.4 and 802.11 carrier sensing mechanisms. The performance predicted by the analytical model is very close to that obtained by simulation. Throughput and energy consumption analysis is then performed by using the model for a range of scenarios. Some design guidelines are derived to set the 802.15.4 parameters as function of the network requirements.

Joint data compression and MAC protocol design for smartgrids with renewable energy

“…9, 10 under the following parameter setting: E idle = 0.228µJ/slot, E tx = 10.022µJ/slot, E rx = 11.290µJ/slot, and E sens = E rx Energy consumption E vs. n S for one RI. [44]. Fig.…”

“…We consider the case with h i contending nodes and we use the same notations as in [44]. However, our analysis has the additional "deference state", which was not considered in [44]. We consider the 2D Markov chain (MC) for slotted CSMA/CA MAC protocol (s( Let b i,k = lim t→∞ Pr (s(t) = i, c(t) = k) denote the stationary probability of the Markov chain.…”

Analytical Model of Multihop IEEE 802.15.4 with Unslotted CA/CSMA

“…Many models describe the behavior of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer by a Markov chain model [3]- [7]. This paper uses the Markov chain model shown in Fig.…”

“…A large portion of the models proposed are derived from the model proposed by Bianchi [2]. For star topology, a Markov model for IEEE 802.15.4 slotted mode in [3] studied the delay, throughput, and energy consumption with saturated throughput. The model presented in [4] considered the unsaturated and acknowledged traffic and packet retransmissions after a channel access failure for slotted CSMA/CD.…”

Decentralized Detection in IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks

“…A recently proposed mathematical model for IEEE 802.15.4 networks is used in this paper to evaluate the Packet Success Probability (PSP), that is, the probability that a sensor can transmit correctly its packet (i.e., without collisions) to the PAN coordinator, when competing with the other sensors in the network [10,11]. Even though in the literature there exist some models for the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol [12][13][14][15], none of these can be applied to query-based applications, where sensors have only one packet per query to be transmitted [10,11]. All the above mentioned models, in fact, assume that packets transmitted from different sources collide with constant and independent probabilities, regardless of the backoff stage.…”