Performance Analysis of Small Size Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems for Power Augmentation: Air Injection and Air Injection/Expander Schemes

Salvini, Coriolano

doi:10.1080/01457632.2017.1295746

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The code also uses embedded standard component maps and scales the selected map to match the user-design point specification of PRs, component efficiencies and air flows. This is achieved by a scaling factor (SF) that relates these specified parameters against the corresponding values of the standard map as indicated in equations ( 4) to (6). This scaling procedure is useful in the absence of having the actual component maps that are proprietary information of engine manufacturers.…”

Section: Methodology and Engine Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of compressed air energy storage demands on gas turbine performance

Igie

Abbondanza

Szymański

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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Industrial gas turbines are now required to operate more flexibly as a result of incentives and priorities given to renewable forms of energy. This study considers the extraction of compressed air from the gas turbine; it is implemented to store heat energy at periods of a surplus power supply and the reinjection at peak demand. Using an in-house engine performance simulation code, extractions and injections are investigated for a range of flows and for varied rear stage bleeding locations. Inter-stage bleeding is seen to unload the stage of extraction towards choke, while loading the subsequent stages, pushing them towards stall. Extracting after the last stage is shown to be appropriate for a wider range of flows: up to 15% of the compressor inlet flow. Injecting in this location at high flows pushes the closest stage towards stall. The same effect is observed in all the stages but to a lesser magnitude. Up to 17.5% injection seems allowable before compressor stalls; however, a more conservative estimate is expected with higher fidelity models. The study also shows an increase in performance with a rise in flow injection. Varying the design stage pressure ratio distribution brought about an improvement in the stall margin utilized, only for high extraction.

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Section: Methodology and Engine Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of compressed air energy storage demands on gas turbine performance

Igie

Abbondanza

Szymański

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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“…The work required to accomplish the charging phase has been evaluated by adopting a simplified analytical approach according to the following assumptions: air behaves as a perfect gas; the isentropic exponent k, intended as the ratio between constant pressure and constant volume specific heats, is assumed constant (k = 1.4); all compression stages operates at constant polytrophic efficiency η PS ; the temperature T OUT of the air exiting the intercoolers and the aftercooler is kept constant; instant by instant, all compression stages operate with the same pressure ratio β S (t). Such a pressure ratio is set up by adopting the following rule:

β_{S} ((), t) = \sqrt[N]{normalβ ((), t)}

where β(t) represents the overall pressure ratio at time t and N the number of compression stages; mechanical and electrical losses are accounted for by introducing an electric‐mechanic efficiency η EM ; According to Reference 29, the temperature of the stored air T ST is assumed constant during charging, idling and discharging phases. …”

Section: D‐caes Thermodynamic Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of diabatic compressed air energy storage systems with artificial reservoir using the levelized cost of storage method

2020

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A detailed analysis has been carried out to assess the thermodynamic and economic performance of Diabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (D-CAES) systems equipped with above-ground artificial storage. D-CAES plant arrangements based on both Steam Turbine (ST) and Gas Turbine (GT) technologies are taken into consideration. The influence of key design quantities (ie, storage pressure, turbine inlet pressure, turbine inlet temperature) on efficiency, capital and operating costs is analysed in detail and widely discussed. Finally, D-CAES design solutions are compared with Battery Energy Storage (BES) systems on the basis of the Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS) method. Results show that the adoption of D-CAES can lead to better economic performance with respect to mature and emerging BES technologies. D-CAES ST based solutions can achieve a LCOS of 28 €cent/kWh, really close to that evaluated for the better performing BES system. Interesting LCOS values of 20 €cent/kWh have been attained by adopting D-CAES plant solutions based on GT technology. K E Y W O R D S artificial air reservoir, battery energy storage (BES), compressed air energy storage (CAES), levelized cost of storage (LCOS), techno-economic analysis

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“…With regards to compressed air injection technology, a few studies have explored this for GT power augmentation and ramp rate improvements. Salvini 15 investigated a recuperated GT, considering two configurations: compressed air energy storage (CAES) air injection and CAES air injection with expanders. The latter approach proved better as a result of preheating of the injected air, as well as an additional expander.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas turbine efficiency and ramp rate improvement through compressed air injection

Abudu

Igie

Minervino

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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With the transition to more use of renewable forms of energy in Europe, grid instability that is linked to the intermittency in power generation is a concern, and thus, the fast response of on-demand power systems like gas turbines has become more important. This study focuses on the injection of compressed air to facilitate the improvement in the ramp-up rate of a heavy-duty gas turbine. The steady-state analysis of compressed airflow injection at part-load and full load indicates power augmentation of up to 25%, without infringing on the surge margin. The surge margin is also seen to be more limiting at part-load with maximum closing of the variable inlet guide vane than at high load with a maximum opening. Nevertheless, the percentage increase in the thermal efficiency of the former is slightly greater for the same amount of airflow injection. Part-load operations above 75% of power show higher thermal efficiencies with airflow injection when compared with other load variation approaches. The quasi-dynamic simulations performed using constant mass flow method show that the heavy-duty gas turbine ramp-up rate can be improved by 10% on average, for every 2% of compressor outlet airflow injected during ramp-up irrespective of the starting load. It also shows that the limitation of the ramp-up rate improvement is dominated by the rear stages and at lower variable inlet guide vane openings. The turbine entry temperature is found to be another restrictive factor at a high injection rate of up to 10%. However, the 2% injection rate is shown to be the safest, also offering considerable performance enhancements. It was also found that the ramp-up rate with air injection from the minimum environmental load to full load amounted to lower total fuel consumption than the design case.

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Performance Analysis of Small Size Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems for Power Augmentation: Air Injection and Air Injection/Expander Schemes

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Impact of compressed air energy storage demands on gas turbine performance

Impact of compressed air energy storage demands on gas turbine performance

Analysis of diabatic compressed air energy storage systems with artificial reservoir using the levelized cost of storage method

Gas turbine efficiency and ramp rate improvement through compressed air injection

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