Performance analysis of sulfonated PPTA polymers as potential fuel cell membranes

Every, Hayley A.; Janssen, G.J.M.; Sitters, E.F.; Mendes, Eduardo; Picken, Stephen J.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.07.002

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The sulfonated random copolyaramide membrane, MPDA-SIPA 40 (H), exhibited low water uptake at room temperature compared with other sulfonated copolyaramides in the literature. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] The random copolymer membrane had reasonably low water uptake at temperatures below 50 8C, but the water uptake increases sharply at higher temperatures. The water uptake increased by more than 90 wt % from 50 8C to 60 8C, and the membrane eventually became soluble in water above 70 8C.…”

Section: Ion Exchange Capacity and Water Uptakementioning

confidence: 96%

“…[5][6][7] However, Nafion V R and other perfluorinated polymer membranes suffer from their relatively high cost, environmental concerns about their manufacture, and decreased performance at lower humidity. 8,9 Sulfonated engineering polymers, including poly(aryl ether sulfone)s, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] poly(aryl ether ketone)s, 6,7,21,22 polyimides, [23][24][25][26] and polyamides 15,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] have been investigated as alternative PEMs to replace perfluorinated membranes. The aromatic backbone of these polymers provides good mechanical properties and imparts good chemical stability, and the aromatic groups offer the possibility to introduce various functional groups to the backbones in different positions on the rings.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[34][35][36][37][38] Polyaramides are high performance polymers with excellent mechanical properties, 39 and good thermal stabilities, 40 and can display good stability to acidic conditions as evidenced by the fact that poly(para-phenylene terephthalamide) (Kevlar V R ) is processed from concentrated sulfuric acid. The preparation of sulfonated polyaramides using sulfonated pphenylenediamine (2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid) or sulfonated terephthalic acid (2-sulfoterephthalic acid) as sulfonated monomers has been investigated 15,[27][28][29][30][31][32] and their potential application as PEMs have been studied with varying results. Poly(para-phenylene terephthalamide)s (PPTA)s with sulfonated groups on each repeat unit display high proton conductivity, but are found to be water soluble and therefore unsuitable as PEMs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Poly(para-phenylene terephthalamide)s (PPTA)s with sulfonated groups on each repeat unit display high proton conductivity, but are found to be water soluble and therefore unsuitable as PEMs. [28][29][30][31] Random and block copolymers using sulfonated p-phenylene diamine with 4,4'-oxydianiline as an additional hydrophobic component successfully decreased the water solubility of sulfonated polyaramides, however, the polymers displayed low proton conductivities ( 3.0 mS/cm at 80 8C and 100 RH%). 27 Most recently, Bae and coworkers used sulfonated terephthalic acid along with terephthalic acid and 4,4'-oxydianiline as the monomers for the synthesis of PPTA-based aromatic copoly(ether amide)s. 32 They improved the proton conductivity of the PEMs to 105 mS/cm at 80 8C under 100% relative humidity for a polymer with 70 mole % sulfonated groups, while the water uptake of this membrane remained under 35 wt % at room temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sulfonated poly(meta‐phenylene isophthalamide)s as proton exchange membranes

Liu

Knauss

2016

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Random and block sulfonated poly(meta-phenylene isopthalamide)s as proton exchange membranes were synthesized through the Higashi-Yamazaki phosphorylation method. Polymers with different degrees of sulfonation from 40 to 100 mol percent were prepared by adjusting the molar feed ratio of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid sodium salt (SIPA) and isophthalic acid (IPA) in the reaction with meta-phenylene diamine. Creasable polymer films were obtained by casting DMSO polymer solutions and the membrane films could be exchanged to the proton form in strong acid. 1H NMR spectroscopy and titration confirmed the degree of sulfonation. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated good thermal stabilities with 5% weight loss greater than 380 8C. The copolymers with low degrees of sulfonation (DS 5 40 mol %) exhibited low water uptake (water uptake < 17 wt %) at room temperature. A segmented multiblock copolymer prepared by preforming a sulfonated block showed lower water uptake at high temperatures than the random polymer with the same DS of 40 mol % and displayed stability in water up to 80 8C. Both random and block copolymers showed higher proton conductivities at high temperature than that of Nafion-117 under 95% relative humidity.

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Section: Ion Exchange Capacity and Water Uptakementioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Sulfonated poly(meta‐phenylene isophthalamide)s as proton exchange membranes

Liu

Knauss

2016

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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“…Sulfonated aromatic polyamides have been suggested as promising PEM materials because of their favorable mechanical properties and film-forming abilities [31][32][33]. Despite these potential advantages, however, their application in fuel cell membranes is hampered by their instability toward hydrolysis and heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partially Fluorinated Sulfonated Poly(ether amide) Fuel Cell Membranes: Influence of Chemical Structure on Membrane Properties

2011

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A series of fluorinated sulfonated poly (ether amide)s (SPAs) were synthesized for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications. A polycondensation reaction of 4,4'-oxydianiline, 2-sulfoterephthalic acid monosodium salt, and tetrafluorophenylene dicarboxylic acids (terephthalic and isophthalic) or fluoroaliphatic dicarboxylic acids produced SPAs with sulfonation degrees of 80-90%. Controlling the feed ratio of the sulfonated and unsulfonated dicarboxylic acid monomers afforded random SPAs with ion exchange capacities between 1.7 and 2.2 meq/g and good solubility in polar aprotic solvents. Their structures were characterized using NMR and FT IR spectroscopies. Tough, flexible, and transparent films were obtained with dimethylsulfoxide using a solution casting method. Most SPA membranes with 90% sulfonation degree showed high proton conductivity (>100 mS/cm) at 80 °C and 100% relative humidity. Among them, two outstanding ionomers (ODA-STA-TPA-90 and ODA-STA-IPA-90) showed proton conductivity comparable to that of Nafion 117 between 40 and 80 °C. The influence of chemical structure on the membrane properties was systematically investigated by comparing the fluorinated polymers to their hydrogenated counterparts. The results suggest that the incorporation of fluorinated moieties in the polymer backbone of the membrane reduces water absorption. High molecular weight and the resulting physical entanglement of the polymers chains played a more important role in improving stability in water, however. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2011, 3 223

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Thermal stability of end‐capped and linear sulfonated polyimides, sulfonated polystyrene, and Nafion 117

Gong

Pinatti

Lavigne

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The thermal stability of end‐caped and linear sulfonated polyimides (SPIs), sulfonated polystyrene (SPS), and a sulfonated perfluorinated hydrocarbon, Nafion 117, and the corresponding triethylammonium sulfonate salts was investigated by dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Gas chromatographic‐mass spectrographic analysis (GC/MS) of the sulfonated polymers and the salts to determine the volatiles released from acid and salt groups over a temperature range 200–275 °C was also investigated. GC/MS analysis reveals that water and sulfur dioxide volatiles are released from the sulfonic acids and water, sulfur dioxide and triethyl amine are released from the sulfonate salts. Dynamic and isothermal TGA studies based on weight loss revealed that the SPIs exhibited superior thermal stability than SPS and Nafion 117 sulfonic acids. However, dynamic TGA curves to determine the onset decomposition temperature of the sulfonic acid group reveal that Nafion 117 and SPS sulfonic acids exhibited greater thermal stabilities than the SPIs. The mechanisms of sulfonic acid and triethylammonium sulfonate salt decompositions based on GC/MS, 13C‐NMR, and dynamic TGA curves are proposed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45694.

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Performance analysis of sulfonated PPTA polymers as potential fuel cell membranes

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Sulfonated poly(meta‐phenylene isophthalamide)s as proton exchange membranes

Sulfonated poly(meta‐phenylene isophthalamide)s as proton exchange membranes

Partially Fluorinated Sulfonated Poly(ether amide) Fuel Cell Membranes: Influence of Chemical Structure on Membrane Properties

Thermal stability of end‐capped and linear sulfonated polyimides, sulfonated polystyrene, and Nafion 117

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