Performance Analysis of Water Filtration Units for Reduction of pH, Turbidity, Solids and Electricity Conductivity

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to analyze the performance of different filtration units that reduce turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) of canal water. For that, three different types of filtration units, namely, slow sand, rapid sand and dual media were fabricated. Typical parameters of canal and filtered water, like pH, turbidity, TDS and EC were examined, and then the filtered water quality was compared with World Health Organizations (WHO) standards. Maximum pH reduction was noted with dual media and less by the rapid system, while more turbidity was reduced with the slow sand and less with the dual media filtration system. In contrary to the pH and turbidity results, increment in both TDS and EC values were noted in filtered samples compared to that of raw water samples due to the transfer of dissolved minerals present in the sand into the filtered water during the contact period with media in the bed. However, all examined parameters of filtered water were within WHO standards.

Mixed greywater treatment for irrigation uses

“…It should be noted that pH is one of the parameters which is most affected by the mixed treatment system, as it has been reduced from alkaline to almost neutral (Figure 2A). This performance can also be observed in fast, slow and mixed sand filters for obtaining drinking water (Laghari et al, 2018). In fact, this parameter has enormous importance in wastewater treatment, due to the high influence on biological, chemical or physical treatments (Aelterman et al, 2006;Issabayeva and Dih, 2019).…”

“…After applying the post-hoc test (Mann-Whitney test), it was found that point number one of the systems differs from the rest of the treatment system As for the pH, TSS, phosphates and COD parameters, those parameters have been affected by the mixed treatment system (Table 1). Both pH and TSS are significantly affected by the action of mechanical filters, due to the retention of particles larger than 0.45 μm (Laghari et al, 2018) and the effect of calcium carbonate that is usually found in the sand (Holtman et al, 2018). The significant effects on phosphates are due to the action of aquatic plants when using them as a nutrient (Delgadillo-Mirquez et al, 2016), whereas the effects on COD are mainly due to the path taken by the water through the various mechanical filters, which promotes oxygenation and thus the degradation of organic matter (Achak et al, 2019).…”

Comparative removal efficiencies of natural organic matter by conventional drinking water treatment plants in Zimbabwe and South Africa

“…At the filtration stage for plant Z, a decrease in turbidity (89.7%) and conductivity (43.4%) was observed compared with that of raw water (Figure 2). This was ascribed to the removal of particulate matter and dissolved ions from the water to the sand bed during the contact period (Laghari et al, 2018). The 0.9% increase in the conductivity for plant S could be due to the ions from the ferric sulfate introduced at the coagulation stage.…”

Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter and Trihalomethane Forming Potential Occurrence in Watersheds with Different Upstream Land Use

“…The values of the unfiltered samples slightly decreased to 211.48 mhos/cm in the Cimahi River and 228.2 mhos/cm in the Cijenggel River. The results suggest that the EC content is slightly higher in dissolved conditions than in particulates (Laghari et al, 2018;Shrestha and Basnet, 2018). Another important thing is that the EC value in the unfiltered sample taken from the plantation-impacted watershed (Cijanggel River) was higher than that of the settlements-impacted watershed (Cimahi River).…”