Performance and emissions of motorcycle engines using water-fuel emulsions

Wu, Yuh Yih; Chen, Bo Chiuan; Hwang, Jen Jyh; Chen, Chung Ying

doi:10.1504/ijvd.2009.024242

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There are three main water injection methods: intake port water injection, direct water injection in the cylinder, and fuel-water emulsion. − Although the fuel-water emulsion can be directly injected into the cylinder by the fuel injection system, the fuel-water emulsion has some disadvantages: the emulsification process is complicated, the emulsifier is expensive, and the ratio of water to fuel is fixed and cannot be adjusted according to the working conditions. − The advantage of direct water injection in the cylinder is that the water injection volume and water injection time can be flexibly adjusted. The disadvantage is that it is more complicated to add a separate water injection system to the cylinder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation Study of Water Injection Position and Pressure on the Knock, Combustion, and Emissions of a Direct Injection Gasoline Engine

Zheng

Song³

2021

ACS Omega

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A turbocharged downsizing spark ignition (SI) engine combined with direct injection technology has the potential to improve the power and fuel economy and reduce emissions. However, gasoline engines are prone to knocking under low-speed and high-load conditions, which limits the application and development of downsizing SI engines. In this study, numerical simulation methods are used to explore the feasibility of water injection in the intake port to reduce the knock tendency of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and to explore the effects of different water injection pressures on combustion and emissions. First, the GDI engine is induced to knock by increasing the compression ratio and advancing the spark timing. Then, the influences of low position and no angle (LPNA) and high position and angled water injector arrangements on engine combustion are explored. When the water injector arrangement is LPNA, the turbulent kinetic energy near the spark plug is higher, the equivalence ratio is more evenly distributed, and the engine knock intensity is smaller. Finally, when the arrangement of the water injector is LPNA, the effects of water injection pressure on the knock, combustion, and emissions of the GDI engine are explored. The results show that when the water injection pressure is 5 bar, the knock intensity of the engine is the smallest, the cycle work is the highest, and the emissions of NO x and unburned hydrocarbon are the lowest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation Study of Water Injection Position and Pressure on the Knock, Combustion, and Emissions of a Direct Injection Gasoline Engine

Zheng

Song³

2021

ACS Omega

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“…The fuel-water emulsification method first prepares a stable suspension of gasoline, emulsion, and water, and then the injection system injects the emulsion into the cylinder. However, the emulsification method has the following disadvantages: the emulsification process is very complicated, the stability of the emulsified fuel also requires a lot of work, the price of the emulsifier is expensive, the ratio of water to fuel is fixed, and the quantity of water cannot be adjusted according to the working conditions of the gasoline engine [25][26][27]. The advantage of water injection in the intake port is that there is basically no need to change the structure of the gasoline engine, and the water quantity can be adjusted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Spark Ignition Timing and Water Injection Temperature on the Knock Combustion of a GDI Engine

Zheng

2020

Energies

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A turbocharged downsizing spark ignition (SI) engine cooperating with an in-cylinder direct injection technology is one of the most effective ways to improve the power and economy of gasoline engines. However, engine knock has limited the application and development of the downsizing of gasoline engines. Water injection technology can effectively suppress the knock. In this study, a method of numerical simulation was used to explore the effect of the water injection temperature on the combustion and suppression of the knock. First of all, the knock of the gasoline engine was induced by advancing the spark timing. Then, when the other conditions were the same, different water injection temperatures were set. The results show that lowering the water injection temperature reduced the knock intensity in the cylinder, but increasing the water injection temperature made the water distribution more uniform, and the peak values of each monitoring point were more consistent. The circulating work power increased with the increase of the water injection temperature. For emissions, as the temperature of the water injection increased, the emissions of soot and unburned hydrocarbons (UHCs) decreased, and NOx slightly increased.

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“…In a spark ignition (SI) engine, a three-way catalytic converter efficiently reduces HC, CO, and NO x , although the mixture must be maintained within a narrow air-fuel-ratio window. Other technologies for reducing NO x include exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) [5], selective catalytic reduction (SCR) [6], a NO x trap [7], a plasma reactor [8], water injection [9], water/fuel emulsions [10], and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) [11][12][13]. SCR and lean NO x -trap have been applied in diesel vehicles to meet standard emission limits [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Analysis of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition in a Motorcycle Engine Using a Dual-Fuel with Exhaust Gas Recirculation

Jang

2019

Energies

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Exhaust emissions from the large population of motorcycles are a major issue in Asian countries. The regulation of exhaust emissions is therefore becoming increasingly stringent, with those relating to nitrogen oxides (NOx) the most difficult to pass. The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) has special combustion characteristics and hence produces low NOx emissions and exhibits high thermal efficiency. This study developed an HCCI system for a 150 cc motorcycle engine. The target engine was modified using a dual-fuel of dimethyl ether (DME) and gasoline with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). It was tested at 2000–4000 rpm and the analysis was focused on 2000 rpm. The DME was supplied continuously at an injection pressure of 1.5 kg/cm2. The gasoline injection rate was adjusted at a pressure of 2.5 kg/cm2. A brake-specific fuel consumption of <250 g/kW·h was achieved under a condition of air–fuel equivalence ratio (λ) < 2 and an EGR of 25%. The nitric oxide concentration was too low to measure. The brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) increased by 65.8% from 2.93 to 4.86 bar when the EGR was 0% to 25%. The combustion efficiency was close to 100% when the BMEP was >3 bar.

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Performance and emissions of motorcycle engines using water-fuel emulsions

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

A Simulation Study of Water Injection Position and Pressure on the Knock, Combustion, and Emissions of a Direct Injection Gasoline Engine

A Simulation Study of Water Injection Position and Pressure on the Knock, Combustion, and Emissions of a Direct Injection Gasoline Engine

Effect of Spark Ignition Timing and Water Injection Temperature on the Knock Combustion of a GDI Engine

Combustion Analysis of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition in a Motorcycle Engine Using a Dual-Fuel with Exhaust Gas Recirculation

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