“…Despite the relatively recent interest of management scholars in the study of complex systems (McKelvey, 1999;Brown and Eisenhardt, 1997), complexity as a sub-field in the social sciences has existed for many decades [2]. From the general (von Bertalanffy, 1968) and open systems models (Kast and Rosenzweig, 1972), that arguably laid the foundations for modern organization theory (Lawrence and Lorsch, 1967;Thompson, 1967), IJOPM 34,2 via system dynamics (Forrester, 1961), complex adaptive systems (Holland, 1975), and deterministic chaos theory (May, 1976).…”