“…Oxide semiconductors are widely accepted as promising materials to develop next-generation cost-effective, energy-efficient, and flexible electronics because devices can be fabricated on any type of large-sized substrates by a wide variety of device fabrication processes such as rf/dc sputtering and solution processing using inexpensive inorganic salt precursors. − N-Channel oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) using amorphous oxide semiconductors represented by amorphous-In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) , have been implemented as a TFT backplane in state-of-art active matrix flat panel displays (AMFPDs) such as large-sized and high-resolution active matrix organic light-emitting diodes (AMOLEDs), energy-efficient active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs) for mobile devices, and high-resolution and high-frame-rate AMLCDs for middle- and large-sized TV displays. − In addition to switching devices in display applications, oxide semiconductor device technology is rapidly extending to application fields such as back-end-of-line (BEOL) transistors, , sensors, memory, energy harvesting, , neuromorphic computing, biomedical devices, and so on.…”