Performance Comparison of Solid Lead Ion Electrodes with Different Carbon-Based Nanomaterials as Electron-Ion Exchangers

Abstract

Carbon-based nanomaterials with carboxylation or chemical modification are widely used as electron-ion exchangers of solid electrodes. For reducing the complexity and dangerousness of the intermediate layer preparation, different original carbon-based nanomaterials are dispersed in deionized water. They are applied in the fabrication of Pb2+-selective electrodes. Because the contact angle of graphene reached 132.5°, the Pb2+-selective electrode of graphene used as an electron-ion exchanger showed excellent performance with a low detection limit of 3.4 × 10−8 M and a fast average response time of 42.6 s. The Nernstian response slope could reach 26.8 mV/decade, and the lifetime lasted for a month. Therefore, graphene suspension without any treatment can be used as the intermediate layer of solid-state electrodes, providing a reference for the preparation of other ion-selective electrodes.

Chromium measurement in pharmaceutical samples: a comparative study of three new membrane electrodes with different electron-ion exchangers

“…Potentiometric membrane electrodes are suitable for analysis of different species as a result of their simplicity. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Considering the method for immobilizing the polymeric membrane over the electrode, various kinds of electrodes can be created such as coated wire ion selective electrodes (CW-ISEs), ion selective electrodes with liquid internal electrolyte (LIE-ISEs), and solidstate ion selective electrodes (SS-ISEs). An internal reference electrode is required in an LIE-ISE along with internal lling solution.…”

“…The unstable metal ion concentration in the aqueous layer causes instability of the electrode potentials. 1 A mixture of graphite-epoxy resin is used in the structure of SS-ISEs leading to better adherence of the sensing membrane to the solid-state surface.…”

“…Carbon-based nanomaterials are extensively exploited as electron-ion exchangers as a result of the good conductivity and hydrophobicity to enhance the electrode performance. 1 Moreover, it was proved that in type 2 diabetics, blood sugar levels, as well as the quotidian insulin intake are reduced by chromium supplements. They help to reduce body fat, lose weight, and increase muscle building.…”

“…Carbon-based nanomaterials are extensively exploited as electron-ion exchangers as a result of the good conductivity and hydrophobicity to enhance the electrode performance. 1…”

Fast chromium determination in pharmaceutical tablets by using electrochemical sensors: Preparation and comparison

“…The electrode potentials' instability is a result of the unstable metal ion concentration in the aqueous layer. Hence, using an electron-ion exchanger has been highly focused on enhancing the electrode performance and “blocking” interfaces [ 16 ]. Owing to their good conductivity and hydrophobicity, carbon-based nanomaterials are used extensively as electron-ion exchangers.…”