Performance-Enhanced Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Graphene-Heterostructure

Abstract

Non-enzymatic glucose sensing is a crucial field of study because of the current market demand. This study proposes a novel design of glucose sensor with enhanced selectivity and sensitivity by using graphene Schottky diodes, which is composed of Graphene/Platinum Oxide/n-Silicon heterostructure. The sensor was tested with different glucose concentrations and interfering solutions to investigate its sensitivity and selectivity. Different structures of the device were studied by adjusting the platinum oxide film thickness to investigate its catalytic activity. It was found that the film thickness plays a significant role in the efficiency of glucose oxidation and hence in overall device sensitivity. Moreover, theoretical investigations were conducted using Density Function Theory (DFT) to better understand the detection method and the origins of selectivity. The working principle of the sensors puts it in a competitive position with other non-enzymatic glucose sensors. DFT calculations provided a qualitative explanation of the charges distributed across the graphene sheet within a system of a platinum substrate with D-glucose molecules above. The proposed graphene/PtO/n-Si heterostructure has proven to satisfy these factors, which opens the door for further developments of more reliable non-enzymatic glucometers for continuous glucose monitoring systems.

A Brief Review of How to Construct an Enzyme-Based H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Sensor Involved in Nanomaterials

“…Based on the IUPAC definition, an enzyme based hydrogen peroxide biosensor is a self-contained analytical device made by a biological recognition element combined with a chemical or a physical transducer which normally exhibits specific and powerful interaction to an analyte or to a target molecule including glucose, alcohol, glutamate, urea, cholesterol, D-amino acid, oxalate etc and tends to provide the quantitative or semi-quantitative analytical information as mentioned in Figure 2. It is an electrode that yields a readable signal through its electronic component that is integrated with a biological component [5] [6]. As illustrated from Figure 3, a good working biosensor consists of three major components discussed below [8]:…”

A Brief Description of Cyclic Voltammetry Transducer-Based Non-Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor Using Synthesized Graphene Electrodes

“…Mahmoud A. Sakr et al [138] developed a performance-enhanced (enhanced selectivity and sensitivity) non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on graphene-heterostructure. The proposed sensor is a composite of graphene (G)/platinum oxide (PtO)/n-silicon (Si) heterostructure.…”

Reduced Graphene Oxide and Polyaniline Nanofibers Nanocomposite for the Development of an Amperometric Glucose Biosensor

“…It is expected that the global market of medical devices will reach $342.9 billion by 2021 [ 1 ]. The market of electrochemical glucose biosensors is one of the fastest growing and was valued at $12.8 billion in 2019 [ 2 ]. Moreover, the estimation of glucose concentration is a critical factor in the production of food and beverage [ 3 ], in which the glucose concentration can vary significantly.…”