Performance enhancement in inverted polymer photovoltaics with solution-processed MoO  and air-plasma treatment for anode modification

Sun, Jen-Yu; Tseng, Wei-Hsuan; Lan, Shiang; Lin, Shang-Hong; Yang, Po-Chun; Wu, Chih-I; Lin, Chung-Wu

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2012.10.026

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The device structure follows our previous report (ITO/TiO 2 /CdTe/PPV/MoO 3 /Au). TiO 2 and MoO 3 deposited from isopropyl alcohol solution are selected as the electron transport layer and hole transport layer. Water‐soluble PPV precursor and CdTe NCs serve as the donor and acceptor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure b, in comparison with Device B, Device A exhibits slightly improved V oc and FF, decreased J sc , overall comparable PCE. As spin‐coated MoO 3 layer may cover the active layer incompletely, the following evaporated gold atoms can easily penetrate through the voids of the MoO 3 layer, thus leading to a direct contact between the gold electrode and the active layer, which will decrease the shunt resistance and lower the V oc and FF. In Device A it is difficult for the gold NPs in the dip‐coated film to penetrate through the voids of the MoO 3 layer due to the large size of the gold NPs and a weak applied force during fabrication.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TiO 2 and MoO 3 deposited from isopropyl alcohol solution [ 29 ] are selected as the electron transport layer and hole transport layer. Water-soluble PPV precursor and Table 2 shows the device parameters in detail.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dip‐Coated Gold Nanoparticle Electrodes for Aqueous‐Solution‐Processed Large‐Area Solar Cells

Chen

et al. 2014

Advanced Energy Materials

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gold NPs monolayer was introduced on the interface between the water and n-hexane and then dip-coating technique was adopted to generate a large area gold NPs fi lm ( Scheme 1 ). Fabricating a 2D gold fi lm by this water/oil method was proposed in past work. [ 24,25 ] However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the fi rst time to investigate it as an electrode for solar cells. It is worth noting that when 15 nm and 35 nm gold NPs were used to generate the multilayer gold fi lms, thermal treatment was required to avoid the dissolution of gold fi lm by subsequent dip-coating process. Nevertheless, in the case of 60nm gold NPs, stewing the fi lm in air for a while was enough for the next layer dip-coating. We attribute this phenomenon to the different solubility of gold NPs with varying size. Relatively, the smaller NPs have more citrate ions capped than the bigger NPs and possess better solubility. Upon annealing, the gold NPs fi lm would experience processes of melting, interparticle coalescence and dewetting, [ 26 ] thus making it more hydrophobic. As for the 60 nm gold NPs, with less citrate ions capping, lower solubility and larger size made the fi lm difficult to dissolve in water after stewing in the air for a while.The electric resistance of gold fi lms with different NP sizes and different dip-coated layers (1, 2, 3, and 4) was investigated previously. Figure 1 shows the electric resistance of the gold NPs fi lms measured by the four-point probe meter. Detailed information is shown in Table 1 . The electric resistance decreases dramatically when the layer number of gold fi lms increases. In the case of the 60 nm gold NPs, the electric resistance values are 897 Ω/ٗ, 4.5 Ω/ٗ, 2 Ω/ٗ and 1.3 Ω/ٗ respectively for 1 to 4 layers. To illustrate this relationship, TEM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations ( Figure 2 ) are conducted. For one layer, the gold nanoparticles are assembled incompactly with inhomogeneously interparticle distances, which are adverse for electron transfer. Due to the inhomogeneous arrangement of NPs in the monolayer, the R s values show slight fl uctuation when different positions of the fi lms are measured. As more layers are dip-coated, the interparticle distances become much smaller, which is in accordance with the decrease in R s . Moreover, the R s values measured in different positions of the fi lms become more stable. The gold fi lms with three layers and four layers show similar R s values, both of which are very small. As shown

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dip‐Coated Gold Nanoparticle Electrodes for Aqueous‐Solution‐Processed Large‐Area Solar Cells

Chen

et al. 2014

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Potential alternatives for aforementioned purpose are transition metal oxides, such as V 2 O 5 [23][24][25], WO 3 [26][27][28], NiO [12,29], and MoO 3 [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], which have necessary semiconductor property and well physiochemical stability. Among this transition metal oxides, MoO 3 is one of the promising candidates due to its nontoxicity, deep electronic state and relative lower vaporization temperature (o800°C) which can easily deposited in vacuum [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The solgel MoO x film is very uniform but a higher thermal treated temperature ( $250°C) is needed for ensuring good carrier transporting property, which cannot be incompatible with the flexible substrates in R2R process and other high throughout process. Except above methods, the solution-processed MoO x film from raw materials Mo(CO) 3 (EtCN) 3 [32,34], MoO 2 (acac) 2 [30] were also investigated and could give a photovoltaic efficiency which can comparable to that utilizing PEDOT:PSS in OSCs. Unfortunately, the oxygen sensitive and thermal temperature sensitive were found, which remain as open issues to be addressed in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A wide temperature tolerance, solution-processed MoOx interface layer for efficient and stable organic solar cells

Cai

Zhang

et al. 2017

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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Recent Progress in Hole‐Transporting Layers of Conventional Organic Solar Cells with p–i–n Structure

Zhang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Recently, organic solar cells (OSCs) have received rapid boosts in the power conversion efficiency (PCE), due to progresses in materials and device engineering. Several groups have reported champion PCEs over 19% in single‐junction, ternary, and tandem OSCs. In addition to the concentrated focus on the new design of OSC active materials, buffer layer materials, used for the interface layer providing the functionalities of interface charge transport and collection in OSCs, are of critical importance for the optimization of PCE. Compared with the electron transport layers (ETL), the hole transport layers (HTLs) have received less attention and are still dominated by the commercial material poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), which has limitations for the efficiency and OSC device stability enhancement. In this Review, the recent progress in HTL materials, including the modifications for PEDOT:PSS, alternative HTL materials based on polymers and inorganic oxide materials, etc, is summarized. This review also provides a summative prospect aiming to help scientists apprehend the current possibilities and challenges in this field.

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Performance enhancement in inverted polymer photovoltaics with solution-processed MoO and air-plasma treatment for anode modification

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

Dip‐Coated Gold Nanoparticle Electrodes for Aqueous‐Solution‐Processed Large‐Area Solar Cells

Dip‐Coated Gold Nanoparticle Electrodes for Aqueous‐Solution‐Processed Large‐Area Solar Cells

A wide temperature tolerance, solution-processed MoOx interface layer for efficient and stable organic solar cells

Recent Progress in Hole‐Transporting Layers of Conventional Organic Solar Cells with p–i–n Structure

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