Performance-Enhancing Drugs Abuse Caused Cardiomyopathy and Acute Hepatic Injury in a Young Bodybuilder

Li, Cheng; Adhikari, Binay Kumar; Gao, Lu; Zhang, Shuai; Liu, Quan; Wang, Yangang; Sun, Jian

doi:10.1177/1557988318783504

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Liver was enormously enlargedChemoembolization was declined by patient who was recommended for transplantation [118]AustraliaCRHepatocellular carcinomaSurgery [119]LebanonCRLiver injury resulting in prolonged cholestasis and acute kidney injuryAdvice to discontinue AAS, medical therapy, plasma exchange. Patient refused renal biopsy. [120]ChinaCRDilated cardiomyopathy and acute hepatic injuryMedical therapy [121]PolandCRSevere intrahepatic cholestasis that developed to severe liver failureMedical therapy [122]UKCSCholestasisMedical therapy [123]SpainCRSevere cholestatic jaundiceUnclear [124]USACSSevere hepatotoxicity, cholestasisMedical therapy [125]NetherlandsCRMild jaundice; cholestatic hepatitis identified through liver biopsyMedical therapy [126]UKCRThree grade II oesophageal varicesBlood transfusion and sclerotherapy [127]AustraliaCRIntrahepatic cholestasisMedical therapy [128]USACRSevere cholestasis and renal failure. Re-admitted with pruritusMedical therapy [129]SpainCRHepatic rupture, liver failure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review

et al. 2019

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Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. Evidence has increased greatly in recent years to support understanding of this form of substance use and the associated health harms, but there remains little evidence regarding interventions to support cessation and treat the consequences of use. In this scoping review, we identify and describe what is known about interventions that aim to support and achieve cessation of AAS, and treat and prevent associated health problems.Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was developed in four bibliographic databases, supported by an iterative citation searching process to identify eligible studies. Studies of any psychological or medical treatment interventions delivered in response to non-prescribed use of AAS or an associated harm in any setting were eligible. Results: In total, 109 eligible studies were identified, which included case reports representing a diverse range of disciplines and sources. Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. The types of conditions requiring treatment included psychiatric, neuroendocrine, hepatic, kidney, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and infectious. There was limited evidence of engagement with users or delivery of psychosocial interventions as part of treatment for any condition, and of harm reduction interventions initiated alongside, or following, treatment. Findings were limited throughout by the case report study designs and limited information was provided.Conclusion: This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. More consistent reporting in articles of whether engagement or assessment relating to AAS was initiated, and publication within broader health-or drug-related journals, will support development of the evidence base.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review

et al. 2019

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“…Li et al reported a case of a healthy 22-year-old male bodybuilder that developed acute hepatic injury and rapidly progressive dilated cardiomyopathy after using stanozolol for 10 days [18]. This raises the question of how many younger athletes are at risk.…”

Section: Cardiomyopathy and Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic Steroids and Cardiovascular Outcomes: The Controversy

Perry¹,

Schuetz²,

Memon³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Anabolic steroids (AS) are synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone. The use of AS is not limited to bodybuilders and athletes, but non-athletes also use them. It is used to enhance athletic performance, induce muscle hypertrophy, and augment male sexual characteristics. AS use is associated with a wide range of side effects and potential cardiovascular complications. In this article, we have searched the available literature to investigate the association between AS use and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The results revealed that AS was linked to lipid metabolism derangements, hypertension, coagulation disorders, and cardiomyopathy. We concluded, based on the relevant data, that there was evidence that suggests an association with CVD, primarily myocardial infarction, fatal arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy in AS users. The general population should be informed of the risk. Also, methods of primary and secondary prevention should be implemented to mitigate the risk of CVD secondary to AS.

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“…As well as reducing body fat and body weight, it also retains both muscle mass and body strength at the same time. Many bodybuilders, performance athletes, and those wanting to lose weight currently use the drug (11,28,29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels as a Carrier for Constant-Release Clenbuterol Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice

Chen

Lin

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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The global obesity population is increasing year-by-year, and the related cost is sharply increasing annually. There are several methods available to combat obesity; however, there is a lack of a single tool that is both safe and efficacious. The use of Clenbuterol in bodybuilding and by professional athletes is controversial owing to its side effects, including hepatotoxicity. This study administered Clenbuterol at a much lower dose than the established safety level, and rather than through oral administration, the treatments were delivered through controlled-release intra-adipose injection. The different dosing and mode of administration will lower the risk of side effects, increase the safety profile, and could facilitate use in the anti-obesity market. A thermo-sensitive hydrogel was used as the carrier uploaded with Clenbuterol to achieve controlled-release. In the in vitro study, the developed new formulae were not cytotoxic to 3T3-L1 cells and could inhibit lipogenesis effectively. In the animal study, the mice were fed a high-fat diet and treated with Clenbuterol by oral administration, or injected with Clenbuterol-modified hyaluronate hydrogel (HAC) regularly. Both groups showed reduction in whole-body, visceral, and gonadal fat contents and body weight. The abdominal fat was analyzed using MRI imaging in adipose mode and water mode. The abdominal fat ratio in the mice treated with normal diet and those given intra-adipose injections with HAC had the lowest value among the test groups. The mice treated with high-fat diet (HFD) showed the highest value of 53.78%. The chronic toxicity in-vivo test proved that controlled-release injections of 2–10 µg Clenbuterol daily were safe, as demonstrated in the blood elements and serological analyses. This study developed a new and promising method for anti-obesity treatment, using a monthly intra-adipose controlled-release injection of HAC. The developed new formulae of Clenbuterol not only effectively decreased body weight and body fat content but also inhibited lipogenesis on the harvested visceral tissue and reduced adipose tissue around the gonadal fat area. The side effects induced by traditional oral administration of Clenbuterol were not observed in this research; this has excellent potential to be a useful tool for future obesity treatment without safety concerns.

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Performance-Enhancing Drugs Abuse Caused Cardiomyopathy and Acute Hepatic Injury in a Young Bodybuilder

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review

Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review

Anabolic Steroids and Cardiovascular Outcomes: The Controversy

Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels as a Carrier for Constant-Release Clenbuterol Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice

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