Performance Evaluation and Correction Functions for Automated Pedestrian and Bicycle Counting Technologies

Proulx, Frank R.; Schneider, Robert J.; Miranda-Moreno, Luis F.

doi:10.1061/(asce)te.1943-5436.0000828

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…When deployed on trails, automated counters systematically undercount both pedestrians and cyclists because the infrared sensors and pneumatic tubes, respectively, may be unable to differentiate users passing simultaneously ( Proulx et al, 2016 ; Minge et al, 2017 ). This problem, known as occlusion, typically is greater for pedestrians than cyclists because pedestrians are more likely to travel beside one another and because the pneumatic tubes, which are used for bicycle counts, are less susceptible to this type of error.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated approach to monitoring and estimating COVID-19 risk exposure among leisure-time physical activity participants

Schneider

Lindsey

Petesch

et al. 2021

Journal of Transport & Health

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Background Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) provides both health benefits and risks, particularly during a pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, significant increases in close-to-home LTPA raised concerns for public health and land managers alike. This project illustrates a novel, integrated monitoring approach to estimating COVID-19 risk exposure during trail-related LTPA, with implications for other public spaces. Methods COVID-19 risk exposure was conservatively calculated from the integration of in-person observations of LTPA trail groups and automated monitoring of trail traffic volumes in spring 2020. Trained observers tracked 1,477 groups. Traffic volume estimates and observed distance data were integrated, considering occlusion and total trail traffic volume. Results 70% of groups had one or more encounters. Among individual users, 38.5% were 100% compliant across all events observed but 32.7% were not compliant. Considering trail traffic volumes and annual daily traffic volume, exposure to risk of COVID-19 was conservatively estimated at 61.5% among individual trail users. Conclusions Monitoring opportunities and challenges of health risk exposure exist. Adjusted exposure measures based on volume counts can approximate numbers of unique individuals exposed, inform management actions, efficacy and policy decisions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated approach to monitoring and estimating COVID-19 risk exposure among leisure-time physical activity participants

Schneider

Lindsey

Petesch

et al. 2021

Journal of Transport & Health

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“…The monitors provided a timestamp, direction, and speed for the object passing. When automatic and manual observations are compared, inductive loop and piezoelectric monitors have previously demonstrated high accuracy and correlation with Pearson's r = 0.99 and 1.00, respectively [26]. A 1.7 to 2.7% underestimation of counted trips for inductive loop monitors and piezoelectric counters has previously been detected [26].…”

Section: The Countersmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The included counters were either inductive loop monitors (83%) or piezoelectric counters (17%) and classified vehicles passing. An inductive loop is a detection system that senses metal objects that pass over the in-ground 'loop' [25], and piezoelectric counters generate a count when the material is physically deformed [26]. The monitors provided a timestamp, direction, and speed for the object passing.…”

Section: The Countersmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Trends in Cycling in Light of the Norwegian Bike Traffic Index

Nordengen

Andersen

Riiser

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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National and international strategies and recommendations are intended to increase physical activity in the general population. Active transportation is included in interdisciplinary strategies to meet these recommendations. Cycling seems to be more health enhancing than walking for transportation since cycling seems to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors. Furthermore, the health benefits of cycling are proven to outrun the risk of injuries and mortality. Politicians seem to approve costly infrastructure strategies to increase the amount of cycling in the population to improve public health and shift to more sustainable travel habits. A linear relationship between cycle-friendly infrastructure and the amount of commuter cycling has been demonstrated. However, in Norway and on a global level, there is a lack of robust evaluations of actions and sensitive monitoring systems to observe possible change. Therefore, we aimed to develop the Norwegian bike traffic index and describe the national, regional, and local trends in counted cycle trips. We used a transparent methodology so that the index can be used, developed, and adapted in other countries. We included 89 stationary counters from the whole country. Counters monitored cycling from 2018 onward. The index is organized at local, regional, and national levels. Furthermore, the index is adjusted for population density at the counter level and presented as ratio of counted cycle trips, comparing 2018 to subsequent years. The index is presented as a percentage change with 95% confidence intervals. In Norway, counted cycle trips increased by 11% from 2018 (100, 100–100) to 2020 (111.0, 106.2–115.1), with large geographical differences. In Southern Norway, there was a significant increase of 23%, and in Northern Norway, there was a nonsignificant decrease by 8% from 2018 to 2020. The indices may indicate possible related effects of local to national cycling strategies and how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected Norwegian travel habits in urban areas.

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“…A National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) report, "Methods and Technologies for Pedestrian and Bicycle Volume Data Collection", has become the authoritative guide to monitoring technologies (13,14). This report has been augmented by research papers.…”

Section: Monitoring Equipment Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Monitoring Regional Trail Traffic

Lindsey

Singer-Berk

Wilson

et al. 2018

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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This study reports traffic monitoring results at 30 locations on a 972-mile shared-use trail network across the east-central United States. We illustrate challenges in adapting the principles in the Federal Highway Administration's Traffic Monitoring Guide to a regional trail network. We make four contributions: (1) we use factor analysis and k-means clustering to implement a stratified random process for selecting monitoring sites; (2) we illustrate quality assurance procedures and the challenges of obtaining valid results from a multi-state monitoring system; (3) we describe variation in trail traffic volumes across five land use classes in response to daily weather and seasons; and (4) we report two performance measures for the network: annual average daily trail traffic and trail miles traveled. The Rails to Trails Conservancy deployed passive infrared traffic monitors in 2015 through 2017. Site-specific regression models were used to impute missing daily traffic volumes. The effects of weather were consistent across land use classes but the effects of temporal variables, including weekend and season-of-year, varied. A plan for short duration monitoring is presented. Results confirm the FHWA monitoring principles and the difficulties of implementing them regionally.

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Performance Evaluation and Correction Functions for Automated Pedestrian and Bicycle Counting Technologies

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

An integrated approach to monitoring and estimating COVID-19 risk exposure among leisure-time physical activity participants

An integrated approach to monitoring and estimating COVID-19 risk exposure among leisure-time physical activity participants

National Trends in Cycling in Light of the Norwegian Bike Traffic Index

Challenges in Monitoring Regional Trail Traffic

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