Performance evaluation of asymmetric capacitive deionization with carbon aerogel based fiber-paper electrodes: Effect of gold deposition vs acid treatment

A review of sodium chloride-based electrolytes and materials for electrochemical energy technology

“…Many carbon electrodes with unique microstructures, such as carbon aerogels, carbon cloths, carbon sheets, carbon nanotubes or carbon nanobers, have been fabricated and presented the signicantly enhanced performance of CDI. [266][267][268][269][270][271][272][273][274][275][276][277][278][279][280] The absorption process of Na + or Cl À on the surface of carbon electrodes by external voltage hardly destroys the microstructure of carbon electrodes, resulting in a traditional CDI device with long service life and low maintenance. With ion adsorption equilibrium, the concentration of Na + and Cl À between the two electrodes showed gradient distribution but the thermal diffusion of ions continues, which is a major obstacle to the production of high-quality freshwater by CDI.…”

Exceptional Reduction of Faradaic Redox Reactions of Activated Carbon-Based Electrodes in the Capacitive Deionization of Water through a Facile Gold Impregnation Method

“…It should be noted that acid treatment of carbonaceous species may have very different effects, depending on the physico/chemical properties of the parent carbon. In the recent report of Ashique Ahmed and Tiwari, 20 treatment with nitric acid resulted in the substantial loss of specific surface area and total pore volume of the carbon aerogel/carbon fiber composite used for the fabrication of the CDI electrode material. Aslan et al 19 report slight increase in specific surface area upon acid treatment of Vulcan XC-72 carbon material.…”

“…An innovative method proposed for overcoming poor electrical connectivity of the carbonaceous electrode material is the use of interconnecting gold layers/particles. 20,21 Gold is an excellent electrical conductor and does not undergo oxidation/reduction reactions under the conventional potential windows applied in CDI of water. However, it has not yet been applied to AC materials.…”

“…Nitric acid treatment of the carbonaceous material prior to gold deposition unexpectedly resulted in the reduction of electrode specific capacitance which was attributed to the loss of specific surface area of the carbon aerogel/fiber paper composite material upon oxidation. However, Ashique Ahmed and Tewari 20 did not report the gold content of their electrodes and did not study the CDI performance of the gold deposited acid-treated carbon electrode. Recently, Yang et al 21 reported the use of gold-nanoparticle-embedded zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) z E-mail: c.falamaki@aut.ac.ir composite derived carbon as CDI electrode materials.…”

Capacitive Deionization of Divalent Cations for Water Softening Using Functionalized Carbon Electrodes

“…Electrosorption experiments were performed using a CDI cell operating in the single-pass mode, a peristaltic pump (HV-77921-65, Masterflex), a programmable sourcemeter (SMU 2450, Keithley), and a pH meter (S220 SevenCompact, Mettler Toledo). The CDI cell was assembled in an asymmetric configuration where the electrodes are composed of dissimilar materials ,, (cathode was composed of either O-AC or plain AC, and anode was composed of A-AC (Figure b)). An acrylic separator layer separates the two electrodes to allow feedwater to flow through, and the whole ensemble was housed in acrylic plates secured by stainless steel screws.…”