Performance evaluation of melamine derivatives as flame retardant additive in chicken feather containing thermoplastic polyurethane biocomposites

Mutlu, Aysenur; Tayfun, Ümit; Doğan, Mehmet

doi:10.1177/08927057221133090

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These acidic compounds play a role in expediting the hydrolysis of LW and TPU, promoting the carbonization reactions in the condensed phase. Similar findings, the reduction in thermal stability and the improvement in char amount, are also observed with the use of AlPi, ,− MPP , in TPU, and AlPi, MPP, and melamine phytate in a protein-based filler containing TPU.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decrease in TTI value is reported with the inclusion of protein-based fillers. 1,37,53 Due to the reasons stated above, AvMLR value increases from 0.09 to 0.12 g/s. pHRR, THE, and AvEHC values reduce with the addition of 20 wt % LW.…”

Section: Thermal Decomposition Of Additivesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Owing to the high protein content of LW, it can be used as a biobased adjuvant filler in flame-retardant applications. High protein bearing fillers have been used for this purpose in TPU in conjunction with different flame-retardant additives. ,, The potential use of LW as an adjuvant filler in the production of environmentally friendly flame retardant TPU composites has been explored. The levels of LW and flame-retardant additive on the thermal, flammability, and tensile properties of the samples using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical UL 94 (UL-94 V), mass loss calorimetry (MLC), and tensile tests have been examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production and Characterization of Flame Retardant Leather Waste Filled Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Ustuntag,

Cakir,

Erdem

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Discovering new applications for discarded materials, such as leather waste (LW), has proven to be an effective approach to an ecofriendly and sustainable production. The manufacture of halogen-free flame retardant LW containing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based samples containing an organic phosphinate (OP)-based flame retardant additive would represent an advance in this area. The effects of LW and OP levels on the thermal, flame retardant, and tensile properties of the samples using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical UL-94 (UL-94 V), mass loss calorimetry, and tensile tests have been assessed. OP is highly effective in LW-filled TPU. The highest UL-94 V rating of V0, LOI value of 31.4%, the lowest peak heat release rate (93 ± 3 kW/m 2 ), and total heat evolved (49 ± 2 MJ/m 2 ) values are obtained with the use of 20 wt % OP. OP is primarily promoted through the creation of a compact intumescent residue structure in the condensed phase. LW exhibits an adjuvant effect by producing nonflammable gases in the gas phase and raising the residual yield in the condensed phase. The most remarkable effect of the LW presence is observed in fire performance index (FPI) and fire growth rate (FIGRA) values. The highest FPI value of 0.49 sm 2 /kW and the lowest FIGRA value of 0.91 kW/m 2 s are observed with the use of 20 wt % LW.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Decomposition Of Additivesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production and Characterization of Flame Retardant Leather Waste Filled Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Ustuntag,

Cakir,

Erdem

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…This stabilizes the structure of melamine polyphosphate and makes more phosphorus available for phosphorylation of CF. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Therefore, in the sample MP29%/ N1%, the addition of NDMG to MP leads to an enhancement in char residue in TGA data, as shown in Table 3. In contrast, the higher concentrations of NDMG (>1%) lead to the formation of higher concentrations of NiP in the condensed phase.…”

Section: Flame Retardancy Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of multifunctional flame-retardant coating of cotton fabrics for electrical Insulating applications

Abdelkhalik,

Makhlouf,

Ameen

et al. 2023

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Cotton fabric (CF) was coated with a new multifunctional flame-retardant system consisting of melamine phosphate (MP) and nickel (II) dimethylglyoxime (NDMG). The new coating was applied to enhance the flame retardancy, antibacterial activity, thermal stability, color strength, UV protection, and electrical properties of CF. The weight percentages of NDMG and MP that led to the maximum improvement in CF properties were identified. According to vertical and horizontal flammability tests, coating the fabric with 29%MP/1%NDMG prevented flame propagation in the samples. Moreover, it increased the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of CF from 17.9% to 36.9%. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data presented that the MP/NDMG coating enhanced the char residue at 750°C. Antimicrobial investigations indicated that the coating 29%MP/1%NDMG reduced the growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. UV shielding and color strength (K/S) results revealed that coated fabrics had excellent UV protection (UPF > 175) and enhanced K/S values. The tensile strength of CF was slightly decreased after the coating process. The dielectric constant (ε`), the dielectric loss (ε``), and AC electrical resistivity ([Formula: see text]) with frequency (10-106 Hz) were also investigated. The electrical resistivity increased significantly after adding MP and NDMG to the CFs. The coated sample (23%MP/7%NDMG) showed the best dielectric properties, with a low dielectric constant of 2.6 and [Formula: see text] of 1.40E+10 Ω.cm at 1000 Hz.

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“…They leave a remarkable amount of char during the combustion . Accordingly, CF and keratin derived from CF have been utilized in the production of flame-retardant textiles and composites. , In the literature, the flame retardant properties of CF-containing polypropylene-, − TPU-, , and polyester resin-based composites were improved using commercial flame retardants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Melamine Phytate as a Flame-Retardant Additive in Chicken Feather-Containing Thermoplastic Polyurethane Biocomposites

2023

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Using waste materials such as chicken feathers (CF) and biobased flame-retardant additives including melamine phytate (MPht) has become an effective approach for environmentally friendly and sustainable production in recent years. This study explores the flame retardant effectiveness of MPht in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based biocomposites containing CF. The characterizations of the composites are performed through thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical UL-94 (UL-94 V), and mass loss calorimetry (MLC) tests. According to the test results, the highest UL-94 V rating of V0, a LOI value of 29.4%, and the lowest peak heat release rate (pHRR) (110 Kw/m2) and total heat evolved (THE) (39 MJ/m2) values are obtained with the use of 20 wt % MPht. It is demonstrated that MPht acts as an effective flame-retardant filler through the formation of intumescent char in the condensed phase and flame dilution in the gas phase.

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Performance evaluation of melamine derivatives as flame retardant additive in chicken feather containing thermoplastic polyurethane biocomposites

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Production and Characterization of Flame Retardant Leather Waste Filled Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Production and Characterization of Flame Retardant Leather Waste Filled Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Preparation of multifunctional flame-retardant coating of cotton fabrics for electrical Insulating applications

Potential Use of Melamine Phytate as a Flame-Retardant Additive in Chicken Feather-Containing Thermoplastic Polyurethane Biocomposites

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