Performance limits in optical communications due to fiber nonlinearity

Ellis, A.D.; McCarthy, Marie; Khateeb, Mohammad Al; Sorokina, Mariia; Doran, Nick

doi:10.1364/aop.9.000429

Cited by 155 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 264 publications

(326 reference statements)

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“…T HE signal distortions originated from the nonlinear Kerr effects, known as nonlinear interference (NLI), impose limits to the information throughput of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems over single-mode fibers (SMFs) [1]. The challenges to overcoming such phenomena have motivated an increasing effort on the investigation of nonlinearity compensation (NLC) techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation-Based FEC-Assisted Iterative Nonlinearity Compensation for WDM Systems

Silva

Yankov

Ros

et al. 2019

J. Lightwave Technol.

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A perturbation-based nonlinear compensation scheme assisted by a feedback from the forward error correction (FEC) decoder is numerically and experimentally investigated. It is shown by numerical simulations and transmission experiments that a feedback from the FEC decoder enables improved compensation performance, allowing the receiver to operate very close to the full data-aided performance bounds. The experimental analysis considers the dispersion uncompensated transmission of a 5×32 GBd WDM system with DP-16QAM and DP-64QAM after 4200 km and 1120 km, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms single-channel digital backpropagation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation-Based FEC-Assisted Iterative Nonlinearity Compensation for WDM Systems

Silva

Yankov

Ros

et al. 2019

J. Lightwave Technol.

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show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Employing few-mode could form the most plausible alternative towards the desirable bandwidth capacity increase [1,2]. The Kerr effect is a nonlinear phenomenon which causes distortion to the propagated optical signal and it is proportional to its power [1,2], resulting in the deceleration of the data transmission. Attempts to combat fiber-induced nonlinearities in SSMF and few-mode fibers have been performed by nonlinearity compensators [3][4][5][6][7] which tackle deterministic nonlinearities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These techniques however, result in modest improvements because the interaction between nonlinearity and random noises in a long-distance network such as from concatenated Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) (i.e. the parametric noise amplification phenomenon [1]) add significant stochastic nonlinear distortion. Especially at low transmitted powers, the received data reveal more entropy meaning they have higher randomness due to EDFAs non-deterministic noise.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even when using alternative sophisticated clustering designs in 16 clusters, no more than additional ~0.3 dB of Q-factor improvement is observed. Finally, in contrast to the deterministic IVSTF, MLC algorithms can partially tackle the stochastic nonlinearity of parametric noise amplification [1].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blind Nonlinearity Equalization by Machine-Learning-Based Clustering for Single- and Multichannel Coherent Optical OFDM

Giacoumidis

Matin

Wei

et al. 2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-Fiber-induced intra-and inter-channel nonlinearities are experimentally tackled using blind nonlinear equalization (NLE) by unsupervised machine learning based clustering (MLC) in ~46 Gb/s single-channel and ~20 Gb/s (middle-channel) multi-channel coherent multi-carrier signals (OFDM-based). To that end we introduce, for the first time, Hierarchical and FuzzyLogic C-means (FLC) based clustering in optical communications. It is shown that among the two proposed MLC algorithms, FLC reveals the highest performance at optimum launched optical powers (LOPs), while at very high LOPs Hierarchical can compensate more effectively nonlinearities only for low-level modulation formats. When employing BPSK and QPSK, FLC outperforms K-means, Fast-Newton support vector machines, supervised artificial neural networks and NLE with deterministic Volterra analysis. In particular, for the middle channel of a QPSK WDM coherent optical OFDM system at optimum -5 dBm of LOP and 3200 km of transmission, FLC outperforms Volterra-NLE by 2.5 dB in Q-factor. However, for a 16-QAM single-channel system at 2000 km, the performance benefit of FLC over IVSTF reduces to ~0.4 dB at a LOP of 2 dBm (optimum). Even when using novel sophisticated clustering designs in 16 clusters, no more than additional ~0.3 dB Q-factor enhancement is observed. Finally, in contrast to the deterministic Volterra-NLE, MLC algorithms can partially tackle the stochastic parametric noise amplification.

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The Rise of Graphene Photonic Crystal Fibers

Zhou

Deng

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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2D graphene with tremendous novel properties is an ideal material for optical and optoelectronic applications. Meanwhile, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been recognized as next-generation optical fibers that possess a designable porous structure, rich functions, and different working mechanisms. Recently, the integration of graphene with a PCF has formed a new hybrid fiber, a graphene photonic crystal fiber (Gr-PCF), which exhibits an extremely strong and tunable light-matter interaction across a broadband spectrum range and opens up a new interdisciplinary research direction. In this review, recent studies on, and achievements in graphene-traditional fibers and Gr-PCFs have been summarized from the aspects of the development process, preparation method, and device application. First, the graphene properties and the development and characteristics of PCFs are introduced. The discussion is continued with the existing fabrication technologies for hybrid graphene-traditional fibers. Next, the chemical vapor deposition method for Gr-PCFs is elaborated. Then, fiber devices based on graphene-traditional fibers, Gr-PCFs, and other 2D material fibers are presented. To conclude, challenges and perspectives are presented to encourage advanced Gr-PCF study.

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Performance limits in optical communications due to fiber nonlinearity

Cited by 155 publications

References 264 publications

Perturbation-Based FEC-Assisted Iterative Nonlinearity Compensation for WDM Systems

Perturbation-Based FEC-Assisted Iterative Nonlinearity Compensation for WDM Systems

Blind Nonlinearity Equalization by Machine-Learning-Based Clustering for Single- and Multichannel Coherent Optical OFDM

The Rise of Graphene Photonic Crystal Fibers

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